<p>Fort C. F. Smith was a small fort located in Arlington, Virginia built by the Union Army during the American Civil War. It was named in honor of General Charles Ferguson Smith, who died from a leg infection that was aggravated by dysentery on April 25, 1862. Fort C. F. Smith connected the Potomac River to the Arlington Line. The Arlington Line was a line of forts to protect Washington D.C. and the Aqueduct Bridge of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal from the Confederates. Fort C. F. Smith was built during the civil war in 1863. General Barnard wrote in a report that “Fort C. F. Smith was carefully planned and constructed after our latest models.”</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fort C. F. Smith was built on Thomas Jewell’s property, so they had to destroy his little red house to build the fort, so, Fort C. F. Smith was referred to “Fort at Red House” or “Fort McDowell” in the beginning of construction. Since there were labor shortages, General Bernard was forced to employ 1000 hired civilians. It had places for 22 guns. It had a perimeter of 368 yards. To provide clear lines of fire for Fort C.F. Smith and adjacent forts, all of the trees for miles around were cut down. Many of the trees were used in the construction of the forts and support structures. In 1865, the armaments were: one 8-inch Sea Coast Howitzer, three 12-Pounder Howitzers, four 24 pounders on siege guns, two 10-Pound Parrot Rifles, six 4 ½-inch Rodman Guns, three 4-inch Siege Mortars, and six vacant platforms. Some other forts in the Arlington Line were forts Strong, Woodbury, and Murton. The defenses of Washington D. C. and For C. F. Smith saw few to no fighting, and the biggest enemy was malaria, typhoid and handling live ammunition.</p><br>
<h2>After War</h2><br>
<p>Fort C. F. Smith was abandoned and dismantled in 1865. By the time of Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House after the war, it was part of the 68 enclosed forts that defended Washington D. C. Then, Thomas Jewell’s family petitioned to get their land back and succeeded. After that, Deming/Yates took ownership from 1888 to 1924. Then, Charles Lindsay owned it from 1924 to 1926. Finally, the Hendry family took over from 1927 to 1993. About one-third of the fort’s remains were destroyed by the modern construction of 24th street. In 1999, Fort C. F. Smith became part of the National Register of Historic Places. Virginia officials spent more than $11 million on conserving Fort C. F. Smith’s remains and creating Fort C. F. Smith Park.</p><br>
<h2>Current Status</h2><br>
<p>There are some visible remains of the fort because it is in a very good state of preservation. Gun platforms 8-11 are clearly visible. The lunette, which has bastions that are unusual, and that makes Fort C. F. Smith unique, is visible as well. A well is also visible. The magazine (is visible), which stored the ammunition, and the bombproof area (is also visible), which is where the soldiers would go if they were under siege, also functioned as a traverse which localizes the effects of shell bursts. Parapets, which protected the soldiers from fire, and the gorge, which protected soldiers from flanking fire, are also visible.</p><br>
<p>The Abraham Dickerson Farmhouse is a historic residence in the town of Montgomery in Orange County, New York, United States. It is located on West Searsville Road, which was originally the driveway to its entrance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Abraham Dickerson emigrated to the Hudson Valley from Long Island during the 1760s. He married Anna Mould, the daughter of a prominent local family, bought land and built the house and a sawmill on the nearby Dwaar Kill, a tributary of the Wallkill River. The sawmill ceased operations at the end of the century, and a member of another prominent local family, the Van Alsts, bought the house in 1829. Renovations undertaken during this time were in the Greek Revival style then popular.</p><br>
<p>The rear ell of the house was designed to be a dancing parlor, and both the Dickersons and Van Alsts held many functions there on Saturday nights. When it was used as a boardinghouse in the 1920s, the dances were still well-attended enough that tenants were required to make sure it was available every week.</p><br>
<p>After that time, the house fell into disuse and was abandoned. It was renovated in the late 1970s and added to the National Register in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Bush Temple of Music, at 100 West Chicago Avenue in Chicago, was built in 1901 as the headquarters and showroom of the Bush and Gerts Piano Company, one of Chicago’s leading piano companies. Designed by architect J.E.O. Pridmore, the building is an example of the importance of piano manufacturing and sales during the late 19th and early 20th centuries when Chicago was the leading piano manufacturing center in the world. The building is a rare large-scale example of French Renaissance Revival-style architecture, an unusual style in Chicago and the United States. The building’s design and decorative details are unique examples of the historic revival style favored by Chicagoans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The building was designated a Chicago Landmark on June 27, 2001. It is being considered for listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Chapin and Gore Building is a historic building located at 63 East Adams Street in downtown Chicago, Illinois. The distilling company of Chapin and Gore had the building constructed in 1904 for their business; the original building consisted a first-floor bar and store and offices and warehouse space in the remainder of the building. Architectural partners Richard Schmidt and Hugh M. G. Garden designed the building, which has a functional plan but includes substantial ornamentation such as terra cotta and brickwork. The building&#39;s ornamental capitals and cornice were removed in the 1950s. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 27, 1979 and later designated as a Chicago Landmark on January 21, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Chapin and Gore Building is currently the home of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra administration. It is part of the Symphony Center campus, attached in 1997 to Orchestra Hall. The Tesori restaurant is on the ground floor, serving orchestra patrons and the public.</p><br>
<p>The Chicago Building or Chicago Savings Bank Building was built in 1904–1905. It is located at 7 W. Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois. It was designed by architectural firm Holabird & Roche, it is an early and highly visible example of the Chicago school of architecture.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s features characterize this style through the use of large "Chicago windows", metal frame construction, distinctive bays, and terra cotta cladding. The combination of the north side projecting bay windows, and the east side rectangular "Chicago windows" with movable sashes is representative of the two typical Chicago school window types. The building is prominently located on the southwest corner of State Street and Madison Street, with visibility increased by an offset in the alignment of State Street.</p><br>
<p>The building is a critical component of a grouping of significant structures, including Carson Pirie Scott and the former Mandel Brothers Store, at what was once labeled the "World&#39;s Busiest Corner." The building was designated a Chicago landmark on March 26, 1996. In 1997, it was converted to a dormitory for the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. The corner of the 3rd floor of the Chicago Building contains the cornerstone of Chicago. It is the 0-0 degree point of the city, and is the location from which all addresses in Chicago begin.</p><br>
<p>The Chicago Varnish Company Building, at 33 West Kinzie Street, was built in 1895 as the headquarters of one of the leading varnish manufacturers in the United States, the Chicago Varnish Company. The building is a rare example of Dutch Renaissance Revival-style architecture in Chicago, and is marked by a steeply pitched roof paired with stepped gables of red brick and light stone in contrasting colors. The building was designed by Henry Ives Cobb, a nationally recognized architect whose other significant works include the former Chicago Historical Society Building, the Newberry Library, and the original buildings for the University of Chicago campus. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 14, 2001, and was designated a Chicago Landmark on July 25, 2001.</p><br>
<p>After an extensive rehabilitation, including replacement of the multigabled clay tile roof and rebuilding the stepped parapets, Harry Carays Italian Steakhouse opened in the building on October 23, 1987. The restaurant has received numerous awards for its food and service, and features many items of memorabilia, including a "Holy Cow" wearing the trademark Harry Caray eyeglasses that was sourced from Chicagos CowParade.</p><br>
<p>The building is distinctive for its use of the Dutch Renaissance revival style, with its stepped gables, steeply-pitched tile roof, and contrasting brick and stone masonry.</p><br>
<p>Dumfries House is a Palladian country house in Ayrshire, Scotland. It is located within a large estate, around 2 miles west of Cumnock. Noted for being one of the few such houses with much of its original 18th-century furniture still present, including specially commissioned Thomas Chippendale pieces, the house and estate is now owned in charitable trust by The Great Steward of Scotland&#39;s Dumfries House Trust, which maintains it as a visitor attraction and hospitality and wedding venue. Both the house and the gardens are listed as significant aspects of Scottish heritage.</p><br>
<p>The estate and an earlier house was originally called Lochnorris, owned by Craufords of Loudoun. The present house was built in the 1750s for William Dalrymple, 5th Earl of Dumfries, by John Adam and Robert Adam. Having been inherited by the 2nd Marquess of Bute in 1814, it remained in his family until 2007 when the 7th Marquess sold it to the nation for £45 million due to the cost of upkeep.</p><br>
<p>Due to its significance and the risk of the furniture collection being distributed and auctioned, after three years of uncertainty, in 2007 the estate and its entire contents was purchased for £45m for the country by a consortium headed by Charles, Prince of Wales, including a £20m loan from the Princes charitable trust. The intention was to renovate the estate to become self-sufficient, both to preserve it and regenerate the local economy. As well as donors and sponsorship, funding is also intended to come from constructing the nearby housing development of Knockroon, a planned community along the lines of the Princes similar venture, Poundbury in Dorset.</p><br>
<p>The house duly reopened in 2008, equipped for public tours. Since then various other parts of the estate have been reopened for various uses, to provide both education and employment, as well as funding the trust&#39;s running costs.</p><br>
<h2>Designations</h2><br>
<p>The house is a category A listed building, described by Historic Scotland as "an exceptionally fine and unspoilt Adam mansion". The grounds of the house are included in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland, the national listing of significant gardens and parks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Lochnorris estate</h3><br>
<p>In the 15th century, the estate was known as Lochnorris, and belonged to the Craufords of Loudoun. The original house was closer to the coach house.</p><br>
<h3>Earl of Dumfries</h3><br>
<p>In 1635 the estate was purchased from the Craufords by William Crichton, 2nd Earl of Dumfries (1598–1691). The estate, and the title, passed via his daughter to his grandson William Dalrymple-Crichton, 5th Earl of Dumfries and 4th Earl of Stair (1699–1768). He commissioned the Adam brothers to design a new house for the estate.</p><br>
<p>Dumfries House was designed and built between 1754 and 1759, by John and Robert Adam, although the style of the house is more in keeping with John Adam&#39;s other work. Robert Adam oversaw construction until his departure on the "Grand Tour" of Europe. As such it represents an early independent work by the Adam Brothers, who had taken over the architecture business of their father William Adam on his death in 1748. The house is a finely proportioned, if unoriginal, Palladian design, with a three-storey central block connected to smaller pavilions by linking wings.</p><br>
<h3>Marquess of Bute</h3><br>
<p>In 1814, Dumfries House was inherited by John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute, and the property remained in the Crichton-Stuart family until 2007.</p><br>
<h4>Intended sale</h4><br>
<p>With John Bute facing a bill from the death duties of both his father and grandmother, he considered selling the house. It was first offered to the National Trust for Scotland in 1994, but they declined. He instead retained the house, later replacing the roof.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 it was again offered to the National Trust, but by 2007 negotiations had fallen through. In April 2007 it was announced the house would be sold and the contents auctioned separately.</p><br>
<p>With the announcement of the sale, preservationists lamented the imminent dispersal of an ensemble said to have remained virtually untouched since an 1803 inventory, and organised a campaign intending to buy the house and hold it in trust under the Save Britain&#39;s Heritage organisation. With the funding the campaign managed to raise still falling short, a sale via the auction route looked inevitable after Historic Scotland announced in May 2007 that they would not financially back the campaign.</p><br>
<h3>Great Steward of Scotland Trust</h3><br>
<p>The estate was finally purchased as a whole after Charles, Prince of Wales heard of the campaign after the writer and campaign member James Knox made "an impassioned impromptu speech" at one of the Prince&#39;s bi-annual conservation conferences at Holyrood House in Edinburgh. On 27 June 2007, it was announced that a consortium headed by the Prince and including various heritage charities and the Scottish Government (contributing £5m) had raised £45 million to purchase the house and contents (along with its roughly 2,000 acre estate) and to endow a trust for maintaining it.</p><br>
<p>The trust is called "The Great Steward of Scotlands Dumfries House Trust", a reference to the title Great Steward of Scotland held by Charles in his role as Scottish heir apparent. A major element of the financial package was a £20m loan backed by The Princes Charities Foundation.</p><br>
<p>The trusts intended model is to have the estate become a self-sufficient enterprise, in the process revitalising the local economy. The project was to be achieved through donation and sponsorship of various renovation projects around the estate, as well as through revenues from the construction of an eco-village&#39; in the grounds, a planned community called Knockroon.</p><br>
<p>The breaking in 2008 of the global financial crisis had a major impact on the project, affecting the prospects for the Knockroon development and thus the recouping of the £20m loan. The Prince faced much media criticism for putting the Foundation&#39;s other projects at risk for what was seen as a vanity project, prompting a response in 2010 describing the risk as "manageable and fully covered." After switching to a model of private and corporate fund raising, the £20m loan was repaid by 2012, with a further £15m backing having been raised for the various renovation projects and ongoing maintenance bill for the estate.</p><br>
<p>Following restoration, Dumfries House itself opened to the public for guided tours on 6 June 2008. From mid-2009, supermarket chain Morrisons began funding the restoration of the meat and dairy farm attached to the estate, both to become a research and education tool into sustainable farming methods, but also with the intention of its becoming profitable by 2014, part of the chain&#39;s vertically integrated supply chain. Renovation of the former coach house and associated stable block began in winter 2010. It reopened in 2011 as a catering facility, as both a visitor cafe and bistro dining facility. The first phase of the Knockroon village opened in May 2011.</p><br>
<p>In October 2011, work started to clear the area that used to be the Walled Garden, which had fallen into disuse and become overgrown.In April 2012, the six-bedroomed guest house Dumfries House Lodge opened, to provide guest accommodation for wedding parties and other events. It was created by renovating a derelict farm building on the estate. The estate&#39;s former water-powered sawmill has been renovated to full working order, and with the addition of a larger workshop building, has re-opened as the Sawmill Building Skills Centre, a traditional skills education facility.</p><br>
<p>The Prince of Wales, who is known in Scotland as the Duke of Rothesay, continues to support Dumfries House. In September 2012, with the Duchess of Cornwall and Alex Salmond, he attended Ladies&#39; Day at Ayr Racecourse in aid of the Trust.</p><br>
<p>The Stephen Wright House is a home located in the Lee County, Illinois, United States, village of Paw Paw. The Queen Anne style home was constructed sometime between 1895 and 1906 by Paw Paw real estate speculator Stephen Wright. Located along a former Native American trail and stagecoach line, the home is in an area of very similar Queen Anne style homes which may have also been built by Wright. Wright had left the property by 1906 and sold the property to another Paw Paw resident who stayed in the house until his death. The Stephen Wright House was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on May 22, 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Stephen Wright House is located along a road that was historically used as a stage coach trail from Galena, Illinois to Chicago; prior to that, the trail was used by the Potawatomi Indians. Today the stretch of former stage coach is County Route 10 and known locally as Chicago Road. The house itself sits back 30 ft from the road, and the lawn is enclosed by a picket fence. Behind the house is a garage which is considered a non-contributing factor to the significance of the property by the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Stephen Wright House is believed to have been built by Paw Paw real estate speculator and Illinois native Stephen Wright around 1895. 1895 tax records indicate that the lot where the house stands sold for US$100; Wright bought it from a local farmer who owned a large amount of land in Paw Paw, then known as Wyoming Township. By 1906, records indicate that the property was transferred for a larger sum, $4,000, thus, it is believed that the home was constructed sometime between 1895 and 1906. Wright still owned the property in 1900 but by 1906 it had been sold to Ezra Bretz. Bretz was a native of nearby Brooklyn Township and he lived in the home until his death in the 1940s. After Bretz died the house was converted into a duplex apartment, a state it remained in until it was acquired by the Paw Paw Bible Church in the 1950s. The Bible Church converted the structure back into a single-family residence for use as a parsonage. In 2002 the house was purchased by its current owners but the Bible Church retained much of the original 4 acre site. The site once held a barn which is no longer extant.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Stephen Wright House is an example of late 19th century Queen Anne style and stands on a block with three other very similar houses. The similarities suggest that Wright, a real estate speculator, may have built all three other houses as well. Though the home&#39;s builder is known, Wright, its architect is unknown.</p><br>
<p>The house has a moderate-pitch hip roof with lower intersecting gables and asphalt shingles. At the top of the roof is a 14 ft by 14 ft area which is flat, giving the roof its hipped quality; the area may have once hosted iron fretwork. This subtype of Queen Anne style, classified as "hipped roof with lower cross gables" is among the most distinctive of Queen Anne characteristics and occurs in over half of all Queen Anne style homes.</p><br>
<p>The entire home stands upon a limestone foundation. The exterior is clad in narrow wooden Clapboarding and the corner boards are topped with a trim that resembles Doric capitals. The front facade features a large projecting gabled wing extending out from the principle hip roof portion of the home. Directly beneath the projecting gable&#39;s eave is decorative shingle work, a common element in Queen Anne style architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Wright House is an excellent local example of Queen Anne style architecture. Aspects of the home&#39;s massing as well as its ornate, Queen Anne details contribute to its excellence as an example of the style. The Stephen Wright House was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on May 22, 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Madlener House, also known as the Albert F. Madlener House, is a 20th-century mansion located in the Gold Coast neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois, USA. It is the work of architect Richard E. Schmidt  and designer Hugh M.G. Garden . Commissioned in 1901 and completed in 1902, the house was built as the residence for Albert Fridolin Madlener, a German-American brewery owner, and his wife, Elsa Seipp Madlener. Since 1963, it has been the headquarters of the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts. In 1970, The Madlener House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, and in 1973, it came under the protection of a Chicago ordinance protecting the city’s historical and architectural landmarks. The house was fully remodeled and renovated by architect Daniel Brenner  in 1963-64.</p><br>
<h2>History and Creation</h2><br>
<p>Albert Madlener was the son of prominent liquor distiller and merchant Fridolin Madlener, who had come to Chicago from Baden, Germany. After attending the Latin School of Chicago and Yale University and serving a winery apprenticeship in Germany, Albert took over the family liquor business. He married Elsa Seipp, the daughter of another famous Chicago brewer, in January 1898. Three years later, as Elsa was expecting their first child, Albert commissioned his brother-in-law, Richard E. Schmidt to design and construct a new house on west Burton Place in the Gold Coast. Schmidt was only thirty-five years old at the time. The architect and his collaborator, designer Hugh M.G. Garden, accepted the commission, and the home was completed one year later in 1902.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Former Graham Foundation director Carter Manny described the Madlener House as “an unusually successful amalgamation of tradition and innovation in architecture, a harmonious reflection of its time and place.” This amalgamation refers to the eclectic usages of then-popular architectural styles in the Midwest and abroad, as well as the incorporation of both organic and geometric design elements. The high-ceiling, cubic foundation of the house is an influence of the German Neoclassical work of Karl Friedrich Schinkel and others in Berlin, Germany. However, many of the house’s details derive from Chicago’s own Prairie School movement, made famous by Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. Past writings have compared the Madlener House to both Villa Shone in Berlin and Frank Lloyd’s Wright’s Winslow House in River Forest, Illinois. Other details of the house’s interior reflect the International Arts and Crafts movement, popular at the time of the house’s construction at the turn of the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>In keeping with the Prairie School’s appreciation of local building materials, the exterior of the Madlener House is constructed of Indiana Limestone. The architects gave special attention to the entryway, with an original octagonal ornament designed by Gardner and delicate bronze grill work inspired by the designs of Wright and Sullivan.</p><br>
<p>Circassion walnut from the Black Sea region clads the foyer and grand staircase and is used in a bookmatch treatment. The foyer fireplace is of Indiana limestone. Embedded in this fireplace is the most prominent tribute to the Arts and Crafts movement in the house: Albert Van Den Berghen&#39;s bronze relief, ”Spirit of the Waves.”</p><br>
<p>The exhibition spaces on the first floor (once the music room, living room, and dining room) are trimmed with bleached mahogany. The wooden inlay of this trim matches the simple yet intricate design found on the doorway grill work. The intricate dining room ceiling is painted cast plaster with a design of juxtaposed geometric and organic patterns. The most dramatic part of the house is the third floor ballroom, where the Madleners established their reputation for gracious and plentiful entertaining.</p><br>
<p>Unusual traits of the house are its lack of chimney-tops and its large but low-placed windows. Russell Sturgis, in a review of the house for Architectural Record, criticized, “A window of ordinary height... has a whole row of panes of glass at a higher level than the highest glass of these large windows in the Chicago house.” Thirty-four drawings of the Madlener House are archived with the Architecture and Design Department of the Art Institute of Chicago.</p><br>
<h2>“Spirit of Waves” sculpture</h2><br>
<p>A relief sculpture by the Belgian architect Albert Van Den Berghen was commissioned by the Madlener family and Richard Schmidt some time after the house’s completion. Schmidt, who had met the Belgian sculptor in 1900, stated that “it was his idea that the panel should portray something of the lake, an idea which he carried out by representing waves and two or three mermaids.” A plaster maquette of “Spirit of Waves” was exhibited at the Chicago Architectural Club in 1906.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural Fragment Sculpture Garden</h2><br>
<p>The Madlener House also holds a significant collection of late nineteenth and early twentieth century architectural fragments from such architects as Louis Sullivan, Dankmar Adler, H.H. Richardson, Frank Lloyd Wright, John H. Edelmann, Raymond Hood and George Elmslie, retrieved from Chicago buildings that are now primarily demolished. The fragments are gifts from various Chicagoans, architects, and architecture enthusiasts and occupy the courtyard garden and certain walls of the library.</p><br>
<h2>Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts</h2><br>
<p>Founded in 1956, the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts makes project-based grants and produces public programs about architecture and its role in the arts, culture, and society. The Foundation was created from a bequest of Chicago architect Ernest R. Graham.</p><br>
<h3>Madlener House and the Graham Foundation</h3><br>
<p>Albert Madlener died in 1947, and his wife, Elsa, in 1962. Title to the house then passed to their son, Albert, Jr., who sold it to a real-estate developer shortly after inheriting the home. After suggestions were proposed from razing the house for high-rise apartment buildings to turning it into the mayor’s residence, the Graham Foundation, then in its infancy, came forward to purchase the house.</p><br>
<p>Since 1963, the Madlener House has been owned and operated by the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts. In its first year of ownership, the Graham Foundation commissioned architect Daniel Brenner to make significant interior alterations to the house, removing many of its partitions and domestic accoutrements in order to better suit the foundation’s philanthropic and educational activities. The mahogany in the new exhibition rooms was bleached, while the walnut foyer remained the same. The kitchen was converted into a library that now houses all of the publications funded by the foundation since it was founded. The ballroom was converted into a lecture hall and performance space, and various rooms on the second and third floors were converted into offices and galleries. In 1964, with the bulk of the renovation underway, the city of Chicago and the Commission on Chicago Architectural Landmarks designated the Madlener House an official city landmark.</p><br>
<h3>Activities</h3><br>
<p>Today, the Madlener House is directed by Sarah Herda the main venue for the Graham Foundation’s various public programs, including exhibitions, talks, performances, and meetings. Admission is free.</p><br>
<h4>Recent exhibitions</h4><br>
<p>Architects and others featured in recent exhibitions include Barbara Kasten, Lina Bo Bardi, Jimenez Lai, Lawrence Halprin and Anna Halprin, Sylvia Lavin, Judy Ledgerwood, Peter Lang, Thomas Demand, Richard Pare, Stanley Tigerman, Jack Stauffacher, Nancy Holt, Anne Tyng, Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, Felipe Dulzaides, Cecil Balmond, Bjarke Ingels Group. Sou Fujimoto</p><br>
<p>The Herman Uihlein Mansion in the Milwaukee suburb of Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin, is a classical Beaux Arts-style house that was built from 1917 to 1919.</p><br>
<p>Uihlein was the son of the president of Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company. He attended Cornell and studied law at Columbia, then from 1911 headed the Lavine Gear Company, which manufactured steering gears for trucks. In 1915 he bought a 3-acre lot on the former site of the Pabst Whitefish Bay Resort, a beer garden resort which was established in 1888.</p><br>
<p>Uihlein had his house built on the bluff overlooking Lake Michigan - two-stories, with limestone walls, a hip roof and classical details. It was designed by Roger Kirchoff and Thomas Leslie Rose of Milwaukee. Inside, the central hall features a sweeping grand staircase with a rail of wrought iron and an Italian-Renaissance-styled fireplace built of Amherst sandstone. The front drawing room is in French classical style, with a parquet floor and a canvas mural. The front library is in a Jacobean style, with pegged walnut floors and a Tudor-arched fireplace. The ironwork was done by Cyril Colnik of Milwaukee, and supposedly took him three years. The NRHP nomination describes the house more, and sums up: "Distinguished by an academic synthesis of Rennaissance Revival and Beaux-Arts motifs, a lavishly ornamented interior, and the work of master craftsmen, the Uihlein house is an imposing suburban villa, palatial in both conception and execution."</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Old Alton Bridge is a historic iron through-truss bridge connecting the cities of Denton, Texas and Copper Canyon, Texas. Built in 1884 by the King Iron Bridge Manufacturing Company, it originally carried horses and later automobiles over Hickory Creek at a location that once was a popular ford for crossing cattle. The bridge takes its name from the abandoned community of Alton, which between 1850-1856 was the seat of Denton County.</p><br>
<p>The heavily traveled Old Alton Bridge remained in constant use until 2001 when vehicle traffic was moved to an adjacent concrete-and-steel bridge. Prior to the new bridge, it was necessary for motorists to signal with a car horn before crossing the single lane span. The new bridge straightened out a sharp curve on both sides of the creek and provided additional travel lanes.</p><br>
<p>With vehicle traffic removed, the bridge became an important link connecting the Elm Fork and Pilot Knoll Hiking and Equestrian Trails. Today it is a popular location for nature enthusiasts and photographers. Old Alton Bridge was included in the National Register of Historic Places, July 8, 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Goatman's Bridge</h2><br>
<p>Locally, the bridge is known as "Goatman&#39;s Bridge", due to a legendary demonic satyr of the same name, who is popularly believed to inhabit the forest surrounding the area.</p><br>
<p>Alternatively, legend tells of a black goat farmer who moved his family to a residence just north of the bridge. A few years later, Oscar Washburn was known as a dependable and honest businessman. North Texans endearingly began to call him the Goatman. But the success of a black man was still unwelcome to many, and Klansmen in the local government turned to violence after he displayed a sign on Alton Bridge: "this way to the Goatman&#39;s".</p><br>
<p>In August 1938 Klansmen crossed the bridge and kidnapped Washburn from his family. They hung a noose on Old Alton Bridge and, after securing it around his neck, threw him over the side. When they looked down to see if he had died, the noose was empty. In a panic, they returned to his family home and slaughtered his wife and children.</p><br>
<p>Locals warn that if you crossed the bridge at night without headlights, you will be met on the other side by the Goatman. Ghostly figures and strange lights are said to appear in the surrounding woods, as well as reports of visitors being touched, grabbed and having rocks thrown at them. This legend results in the area around Old Alton Bridge being popular with paranormal societies and Halloween activities, most notably with the Ghost Adventures crew and the Buzzfeed Unsolved series.</p><br>
<p>A submarine snorkel is a device which allows a submarine to operate submerged while still taking in air from above the surface. British Royal Navy personnel often refer to it as the snort. A concept devised by Dutch engineers was widely used on German U-boats during the last year of World War II. To the Germans it was known as a &#39;schnorchel&#39;.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Until the advent of nuclear power, submarines were designed to operate on the surface most of the time and submerge only for evasion or for daylight attacks. In 1940, at night, a U-boat was safer on the surface than submerged because sonar could detect boats underwater but was almost useless against a surface vessel. However, with continued improvement in methods of radar detection as the war progressed, the U-boat was forced to spend more time under water running on electric motors that gave speeds of only a few knots and with very limited range.</p><br>
<p>An early submarine snorkel was designed by James Richardson, an Assistant Manager at Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Greenock, Scotland as early as 1916, during World War I. Although the company received a British patent for the design, no further use was made of it—the British Admiralty did not accept it for use in their Royal Navy submarines.</p><br>
<p>In November 1926 Capt. Pericle Ferretti of the technical corps of the Italian Navy ran tests with a ventilation pipe installed on the submarine H 3. The tests were largely successful and a similar system was designed for the Sirena class, but was eventually scrapped; subsequent snorkel systems were not based on Ferretti&#39;s design.</p><br>
<p>Germany defeated the Netherlands in 1940; their capture of O-25 and O-26 was a stroke of luck for the German Navy, the Kriegsmarine. The Dutch O-21 series was operating a device named a snuiver (sniffer). The Dutch Royal Netherlands Navy had been experimenting as early as 1938 with a simple pipe system on the submarines O-19 and O-20 that enabled them to travel at periscope depth operating on its diesels while charging the propulsion batteries. The system was designed by the Dutchman Jan Jacob Wichers.</p><br>
<p>The Kriegsmarine first viewed the snorkel as a means to take fresh air into the boats but saw no need to run the diesel engines under water. However, by 1943 more U-boats were being lost, so the snorkel was retrofitted to the VIIC and IXC classes and designed into the new XXI and XXIII types.</p><br>
<p>The first Kriegsmarine boat to be fitted with a snorkel was U-58 which experimented with the equipment in the Baltic Sea during the summer of 1943. Boats began to use it operationally in early 1944, and by June 1944 about half of the boats stationed in the French bases had snorkels fitted.</p><br>
<p>On Type VII U-boats the snorkel folded forward and was stored in a recess on the port side of the hull, while on the IX Types the recess was on the starboard side. The XXI and XXIII types both had telescopic masts that rose vertically through the conning tower close to the periscope.</p><br>
<h2>Technical details</h2><br>
<p>Snorkels created several problems for their users. A U-boat with a snorkel raised was limited to six knots to avoid breaking the tube, and its sound-detection gear was useless with the diesel engine running. Most dramatically, snorkels were equipped with automatic valves to prevent seawater from being sucked into the diesels, but when these valves slammed shut the engines would draw air from the boat itself before shutting down, causing a partial vacuum which was extremely painful to the ears of the crew and sometimes even ruptured eardrums. This problem still exists in later model diesel (and even modern nuclear) submarines, but is mitigated by high-vacuum cut-off sensors that shut down the engines when the vacuum in the ship reaches a pre-set point.</p><br>
<p>While the snorkel renders a submarine far less detectable, it is not perfect. In clear weather, diesel exhaust can be seen on the surface to a distance of about 4.5 kilometers (3 miles), while "periscope feather" (the wave created by the snorkel or periscope moving through the water), is visible from far off in calm sea conditions. Modern radar is also capable of detecting a snorkel in calm sea conditions. Early British Royal Navy ship&#39;s radar set Model 271 was shown in tests conducted in 1940 to detect the periscope tip of a submerged submarine at a distance of 800 meters (0.5 miles).</p><br>
<p>Modern snorkel induction masts use a fail-safe design using compressed air, controlled by a simple electrical circuit, to hold the "head valve" open against the pull of a powerful spring. Seawater washing over the mast shorts out exposed electrodes on top, breaking the control circuit. This vents the compressed air and allows the head valve to slam shut. When the electrodes are again clear of the water, the circuit is re-energized and the valve reopens.</p><br>
<p>The American System-Built Homes were modest houses designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. They were developed between 1912 and 1916 to fulfill his interest in affordable housing. Wright was devoted to the idea of providing beautiful yet affordable homes to the public. His firm produced over 960 drawings for the project, the largest number of drawings for any project in the Wright archives. The designs were standardized, and customers could choose from seven models. Because of this standardization, the lumber could be precut at the factory, thereby cutting down on both waste and the amount of skilled labor needed for construction. The buildings are often termed prefabricated homes, but they were not, since no parts of the homes were constructed off-site. The lumber was cut at the factory, packaged along with all other components, and delivered to the work site for construction. Some are located in a federal historic district in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and others have been designated Chicago Landmarks in Chicago, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>Manufacture and sales</h2><br>
<p>In 1911, Arthur L. Richards and a partner contracted with Frank Lloyd Wright to design a hotel in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. After this, Richards learned of Wright&#39;s new American System-Built Homes, and in 1914 began construction on six as demonstrator models. Richards gained the exclusive rights to manufacture and distribute the homes. He sold franchises to market the homes, and allowed only approved contractors to build them. He had offices in Milwaukee, the Chicago area, Champaign, Decatur and Gary. The Richards Company milled the lumber, cut it to specification, and packaged all the materials needed for construction, including plaster, paint, windows, hardware and fixtures. The customer purchased a complete home, so in addition to the materials, skilled craftsmen were provided.</p><br>
<p>In April 1917, the United States entered World War I, and building materials were diverted to the war effort, stalling new home building. Later that year, Wright, dissatisfied with Richards, sued him for nonpayment of royalties and fees, and the project came to an end. It is believed that about 25 System-Built Homes were constructed, but only about 15 survive. They can be found in Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>Burnham Street Historic District, Milwaukee</h2><br>
<p>The original six homes built in the Burnham Park neighborhood of Milwaukee by Arthur Richards were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. There are four model 7a duplexes, a model B1 bungalow, the only example of its kind, and a model C3 bungalow. It is the only known grouping of System-Built homes, and the only grouping of Frank Lloyd Wright homes that includes both duplexes and single-family dwellings. Three of the homes have been purchased by the Frank Lloyd Wright Wisconsin Program. The B1 bungalow was restored in 2010, with one of the duplexes to follow. They are located in the 2700 block of West Burnham Street, at South Layton Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>American System Built Homes in the Burnham Street District:</p><br>
<p>Arthur L. Richards Duplex Apartments - referred to as either "Model 7a Duplexes", "Model C" or "Model F" - 4 units, 3 identical units (2720-2730 West Burnham), the 4th unit (2732-2734 West Burnham) is a mirror image. The second house from the west has been converted to a single family home.</p><br>
<p>Arthur L. Richards Small House - "Model B1" or "Cottage B" located at 2714 West Burnham Street.</p><br>
<p>Richards Bungalow - "Model C3" or "Cottage A" located at 1835 South Layton Boulevard. This house was resurfaced in precast coral stone veneer in 1956.</p><br>
<p>The Arthur R Munkwitz Duplex Apartments were pair of four-unit apartment buildings built in 1916. The Munkwitz Duplexes were based on a different System Built plan and constructed on 1102-1112 N. 27th St - a few blocks north of the Burnham Street Historic District. They were demolished in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>American System-Built Houses, Chicago</h2><br>
<p>On July 13, 1994, the Mayor and City Council of Chicago designated two System-Built Homes as Chicago Landmarks. Built in 1917, they are located at 10410 (the Guy C. Smith House) and 10541 S. Hoyne Avenue (the H. Howard Hyde House). The first, at 10410 Hoyne, was intended to be the first of a subdivision of the homes. Both the Smith and Hyde Houses are two story, single-family units.</p><br>
<h2>Other American System-Built Homes</h2><br>
<p>Bungalow style units based on the "C3" or "Cottage A" design:</p><br>
<p>Lewis E. Burleigh House - Wilmette, Illinois (1915)</p><br>
<p>Ida and Grace McElwain House - Lake Bluff, Illinois (1915)</p><br>
<p>Stephen M. B. Hunt House II - Oshkosh, Wisconsin (1917)</p><br>
<p>Single story, single-family units:</p><br>
<p>The Elizabeth Murphy House (A203) - Shorewood, WI (1917)</p><br>
<p>Two story, single-family units:</p><br>
<p>Wilbur Wynant House - Gary, Indiana (1916)</p><br>
<p>Oscar A. Johnson House - Evanston, Illinois (1917)</p><br>
<p>Delbert W. Meier House - Monona, Iowa (1917)</p><br>
<p>Charles Heisen House - Villa Park, Illinois (1917)</p><br>
<h2>2000s revival</h2><br>
<p>In 1999 it was announced that an update of the American System-Built Homes would be part of a renewal of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Taliesin Associated Architects were contracted to design new homes based on the original designs. They were expected to sell for $125,000 to $150,000 USD, similar to the originals in that the cost was relatively low.</p><br>
<h2>Recently identified but not verified</h2><br>
<p>In 2008, Wright scholar, William Allin Storrer unveiled his controversial 29 undiscovered Frank Lloyd Wright works. One of these houses was the Thomas E. Sullivan House at 336 Gregory Avenue in Wilmette, Illinois, next door to the Burleigh House at 330 Gregory Ave. In 1989, Storrer had previously identified the 1916 house as the work of John S. Van Bergen even though the residence does not appear in Martin Hackl’s complete catalog, The Works of John S. Van Bergen, Architect. In his 2008 findings, Storrer revised his claim, then stating that the Sullivan House was actually an American System-Built Home with a dining room addition by Van Bergen.</p><br>
<p>Excluding the alleged addition, the main block of the Sullivan House is nearly identical to that of the Wynant House; only the entrance and garage orientation, a missing bedroom above the garage, and differences in trim details distinguish these two residences. Storrer’s assertion is further substantiated by a drawing from the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation which shows Model D-101 with the Sullivan House entrance and without the Wynant House garage wing.</p><br>
<p>Storrer also identified three potential single-story American System-Built Homes in Berwyn, Illinois. One, the Chester Bragg House (1916), is located at the 6644 34th Street at the corner of Wesley Avenue and has a Model B1 plan.</p><br>
<p>Cross Lake is a lake in Temagami, Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada, about 20 km southwest of the centre of that community. The lake has fish inhabits of walleye, smallmouth bass and northern pike.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The lake is about 15 km long and 4.5 km wide and lies at an elevation of 292 m. The primary inflow, at the west of the lake, is a navigable channel from Outlet Bay on the South Arm of Lake Temagami. The channel is the primary outflow of that lake, and Cross Lake is at the same elevation as Lake Temagami. Secondary inflows are numerous unnamed creek inflows, including ones from Willis Lake at the north and McAdam Lake at the east, as well as the Temagami River at the southwest. The primary outflow is the Temagami River to Surveyor Lake, at the same elevation, at the south. The outlet from Surveyor Lake to the Temagami River further downstream to the south is controlled by the Cross Lake Dam.</p><br>
<p>Blacktail Butte  is a butte mountain landform rising from Jackson Hole valley in Grand Teton National Park in the USA state of Wyoming. Blacktail Butte was originally named Upper Gros Ventre Butte in an early historical survey conducted by the USA Geological Survey. Most of Blacktail Butte is densely forested with a mixed fir forest of lodgepole pine, Douglas fir and Engelmann spruce, with scattered pockets of aspen. There are several large sedimentary rock outcroppings, which are used by rock climbers. This butte is a principal landmark in Jackson Hole, with much of the Jackson Hole valley floor and many portions of the Teton Range visible from its hillsides.</p><br>
<p>The butte is named after black-tailed deer, also known as mule deer. Bighorn sheep, mule deer, white-tailed deer, pronghorn antelope, and bison are commonly found in the area, along with grizzly bears and gray wolves. Most notably, many thousands of elk cross through the area during their annual migration to and from their winter feeding grounds on the National Elk Refuge.</p><br>
<p>Local lore claims that the name reflects the fact that the north face and ridge lines are so heavily wooded that they appear black, as compared to the other slopes, which have sage brush, scrub grass, and fewer trees. There is also a scenic overlook nearby with the same name, Blacktail Pond.</p><br>
<p>At the base of the butte is Mormon Row, a popular place for photographers and tourists, with the photogenic Moulton Barn and herds of bison.</p><br>
<p>Granite Mountain  is a 7,628 ft mountain located in Yavapai County, Arizona that covers roughly 12 square miles . It was once known as Mount Gurley, for the first governor of the Arizona Territory, John A. Gurley. Its southwest face has a sheer granite cliff approximately 500 feet  high that is one of the best locations for rock climbing in the state of Arizona. It is located in the Granite Mountain Wilderness, which is managed as a part of the Prescott National Forest. The mountain stands at the northern end of the Sierra Prietas, and borders Skull Valley on the west, on the northwest by the Santa Maria Mountains, and east by the Williamson Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Granite Mountain is composed of the Prescott Granodiorite, a 1.7 billion year-old stock intruded into Yavapai schist. Xenoliths of the schist are commonly found in the granodiorite. The gray granodiorite was a popular building stone in early-day Prescott. It was used to build the Yavapai County Courthouse and in many other older buildings around town, including Fort Whipple.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The biotic communities at Granite Mountain range from montane conifer forest and juniper pinyon woodland, to interior chaparral. Granite Mountain is a nesting site for the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), and the climbing area on the south face is periodically closed to rock climbing, typically from February 1 until July 15 each year.</p><br>
<p>Sarakini  is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Gortyna, western Arcadia, Greece. It is situated on a hill above the right bank of the river Alfeios, at about 450 m elevation. It is 2 km northwest of Vlachorraptis, 4 km northeast of Theisoa , 7 km northwest of Karytaina and 8 km southwest of Dimitsana. In 2011 Sarakini had a population of 8 for the village and 51 for the community, which includes the villages Kryonero and Palaiokastro.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village of Sarakini is first recorded in 1665, and was built, according to tradition, by settlers from Constantinople. Palaiokastro is the site of a Mycenaean-era settlement (Homer&#39;s Phere), with a cemetery and a nekromanteion having been found. The ruins of a nearby medieval fortress have been identified with the Araklovon Castle. The village of Kryoneri is first mentioned in the Ottoman tax registers of 1698/1700, although its present site is more recent, as the village was moved from its original location.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Kuro-shima is a small, uninhabited island in the Uwa Sea  off the coast of Shikoku, Japan. It belongs to the town of Ikata, Ehime Prefecture.</p><br>
<p>Though the island is uninhabited now, in the 13th-century text A Collection of Things Heard, Ancient and Modern is written the following legend:</p><br>
<p>In the Antei era (1227–1229), in the Yano area of the Iyo Province there was an island called Kuro-shima. It was about one ri (4 km) from the nearest settlement. On the island lived a fisherman known as the Daiku of Katsurahazama (thought to be modern-day Honai). One night he was walking around looking for a good place to set his nets when he saw that the spots with fish appeared to glow in the night darkness. By every shore of the island the light glowed so brightly that he gleefully put out his nets, only to find that there were no fish at all. Instead what he pulled up was countless rats. After he pulled them ashore the rats fled, disappearing into the darkness. The fisherman was stunned. How strange this was! The island thus became full of rats, which ate all of the crops, and made the land infertile to this day. Though rats can of course be found on land, what a strange thing it is that they would be at the bottom of the sea!</p><br>
<p>Quinn Chapel AME Church, also known as Quinn Chapel of the A.M.E. Church, houses Chicago&#39;s oldest African-American congregation, formed by seven individuals as a nondenominational prayer group that met in the house of a member in 1844. In 1847, the group organized as a congregation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first independent black denomination in the United States. They named the church for Bishop William Paul Quinn.</p><br>
<p>In the years leading up to the Civil War, the church played an important role in the citys abolitionist movement. The 1871 Great Chicago Fire destroyed the original church. The congregation met for many years in temporary locations before purchasing the present site in 1890. The current structure, designed by architect Henry F. Starbuck and built in 1892 at 2401 South Wabash Avenue, reflects the areas late 19th-century character. The church was designated as a Chicago Landmark August 3, 1977, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places September 4, 1979. Considered architecturally significant, the church is featured in such books as Chicago Churches: A Photographic Essay by Elizabeth Johnson (Uppercase Books Inc, 1999) as well as Chicago Churches and Synagogues: An Architectural Pilgrimage, by George A. Lane (Loyola Press 1982).</p><br>
<p>In 1992, Quinn Chapel joined with three other nearby churches to found: a non-profit organization devoted to saving the historic Wabash YMCA and fulfilling the needs of the Bronzeville community.</p><br>
<p>Hornby Village Institute is a public building in Main Street, Hornby, Lancashire, England. It is considered to be important architecturally, and is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by the Lancaster architects Austin and Paley, and was the last public building to be designed by the practice before the death of Hubert Austin in 1915. It was completed in 1916, and was paid for by the lord of the manor, Colonel Foster. By the 1950s more accommodation was needed, and an extension was added to the rear in 1956, helped by a donation from Sir Harold Parkinson of Hornby Castle. Another extension was added in 2005, designed by Harrison Pitt Architects.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The original part of the building is in Jacobean style. It is constructed in rubble stone with ashlar dressings and a slate roof. The central bay projects forward and contains a porch with a round-headed entrance flanked by pilasters. Above this are four windows, with the word "INSTITUTE" below. At the top of the bay is a semi-circular pediment containing a crested plaque. The lateral bays have four windows in the lower storey, and blind windows above.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The building is known as the Hornby Institute Community Resource Centre, and has facilities for meetings, conferences, and performances. Parts of the building are licensed for civil weddings.</p><br>
<p>Courthouse Place, also known as the Cook County Criminal Court Building, is a Richardsonian Romanesque-style building at 54 West Hubbard Street in the Near North Side of Chicago. Designed by architect Otto H. Matz and completed in 1893, it replaced and reused material from the earlier 1874 criminal courthouse . The complex included the Cook County Jail and the hanging gallows for prisoners sentenced to death. The current structure housed the Cook County Criminal Courts for its first 35 years, and was the site of many legendary trials, including the Leopold and Loeb murder case, the Black Sox Scandal, and the jazz age trials that formed the basis of the play and musical Chicago. Newspaperman Ben Hecht and Charles MacArthur based much of their 1928 play, The Front Page, on the daily events in this structure. Other authors of the Chicago’s 1920s literary renaissance that were employed in the fourth floor pressroom include Carl Sandburg, Sherwood Anderson, and Vincent Starrett. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 13, 1984 and designated a Chicago Landmark on June 9, 1993.</p><br>
<p>In 1929, the Criminal Courts left the 54 West Hubbard Street location, and the building was then occupied by the Chicago Board of Health and other city agencies. After poor alterations and years of neglect, the building was acquired by Friedman Properties, Ltd in 1985. The property was restored and refurbished as “Courthouse Place,” an office development later expanded to include the restoration of other surrounding historic buildings.</p><br>
<p>One of the principal tenants of the building today is the law firm Bartlit Beck Herman Palenchar & Scott.</p><br>
<p>This is also the new headquarters for the Chicago Alternative Energy company "Revolution Environmental" and advertising agencies LKH&S and Colman Brohan Davis.</p><br>
<p>Pewaukee Lake is a lake located in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, United States. The largest lake in Waukesha County&#39;s "Lake Country", Pewaukee Lake is approximately five miles long and one mile wide, with an average depth of 15 feet sloping to a maximum depth of 46 feet.</p><br>
<p>The lake is known for its inland sailing races. National sailing events take place annually and are often hosted by the Pewaukee Yacht Club located on the southern shore of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s fish include bluegill, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, muskellunge ("muskie"), northern pike, tiger muskellunge ("tiger muskie"), walleye, yellow perch and non-native carp.</p><br>
<p>Pewaukee Lake experienced high waters and flooding during the spring and summer of 2008. The floods caused millions of dollars in damages to the surrounding area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pewaukee Lake has long been a summertime destination for Milwaukee residents. In winter months, ice was often removed from the lake for residents of Milwaukee in the 1800s.</p><br>
<p>Lake Vermilion is a 1,000-acre  reservoir located in Vermilion County, Illinois. It was built for water supply, fishing, and recreation purposes. The lake is 3 miles  long and 0.5 miles  wide. The nearest city is Danville, in eastern Illinois.</p><br>
<p>Lake Vermilion is managed by the Vermilion County Conservation District (VCCD) for bass, catfish, crappie, tiger muskie, and walleye. The nearest interstate highway exit is Exit 215 on Interstate 74, near Danville.</p><br>
<p>The lake is owned by Aqua Illinois, a subsidiary of Aqua America. The rules of the lake allow unlimited-horsepower marine boating, jetskiing, and waterskiing. Boat decals are required.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>Lake Vermilion contains the following species:</p><br>
<p>Bluegill</p><br>
<p>Carp</p><br>
<p>Channel Catfish</p><br>
<p>Largemouth Bass</p><br>
<p>Muskellunge</p><br>
<p>Walleye</p><br>
<p>White Crappie</p><br>
<p>White Bass</p><br>
<p>Yellow Bass</p><br>
<p>Yellow Bullhead</p><br>
<p>The Port Royal Cays is a small group of uninhabited islands or cays off Port Royal, Jamaica, located at 17&deg;55&prime;06.36&Prime;N latitude, 76&deg;49&prime;11.96&Prime;W longitude and arranged in the shape of an atoll with a diameter between 4 and 5 km, and a total area of 12 km². The land area is about 0.03 km². There are eight named cays, including South Cay Rock which is sometimes subsumed with South Cay.</p><br>
<p>Gun Cay, the northernmost, is only 400 metres from the Jamaican mainland.</p><br>
<p>The main cay is Lime Cay, on the northeastern rim. It measures 380 metres northwest-southeast, and is up to 80 metres wide, measuring 2 ha in area. About half of the area is wooded, the rest is sand and coral. On the western beach is a wooden hut.</p><br>
<p>The individual cays, clockwise starting in the north:</p><br>
<p>Gun Cay (northernmost)</p><br>
<p>Lime Cay (largest, most important)</p><br>
<p>Maiden Cay</p><br>
<p>Southeast Cay (easternmost)</p><br>
<p>South Cay (almost connected with South Cay Rock)</p><br>
<p>South Cay Rock (unvegetated, southernmost)</p><br>
<p>Drunkenmans Cay (westernmost)</p><br>
<p>Rackhams Cay (smallest)</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>T. Goreau and Kevin Burke: "Pleistocene and Holocene Geology of the Island Shelf near Kingston, Jamaica", Marine Geol. 4 (1966), 207-225</p><br>
<p>Michaelmas Island is an island located in King George Sound near Albany, Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>The island is a nature reserve (declared in 1983) and managed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife; its reserve number is 30049. The island is also registered as a national estate. The island is 91.9 hectare in area.</p><br>
<p>Michaelmas Island has steep rocky shores with submerged reefs all along its northern southern and eastern sides in depths up to 30 m with large granite boulders. The faces are covered in a diverse range in corals and sponges and home to a wide variety of marine life. A whale chaser “Cheynes III” that was scuttled in 1982 is located off the western side of the island and is regarded highly as a diving site.</p><br>
<p>Michaelmas Island is an important habitat for both resident and migratory birds. The habitat of these species is threatened by weed invasion such as Taylorina and feral animals such as rats.</p><br>
<p>George Vancouver named many of the landforms around Albany when he entered King George Sound in 1791 including Michaelmas Island (discovered on Michaelmas Day), King George Sound, Breaksea Island, Oyster Harbour and Point Possession. Vancouver described the island as being covered in rich grasses and other vegetables. Before leaving he planted some vine cuttings, some water cresses, and sowed various seeds.</p><br>
<p>Matthew Flinders landed on the island in 1801 and reported the island to be covered in wiry grasses and stunted shrubs, also it was covered it rat holes.</p><br>
<p>In 2016 the island was chosen as a new habitat site for the critically endangered Gilberts Potoroo. The islands lack of predators was a key factor in its selection, which will provide the Gilbert&#39;s Potoroo with a similar level of long-term protection enjoyed by the quokkas of Rottnest Island, also in Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>Fort DeRussy is a United States military reservation in the Waikiki area of Honolulu, Hawaii, under the jurisdiction of the United States Army. Unfenced and largely open to public traffic, the installation consists mainly of landscaped greenspace. The former Battery Randolph now houses the USA Army Museum of Hawaii, which is open to the public. The Hale Koa Hotel, an Armed Forces Recreation Center, and the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies are also located on Fort DeRussy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property was once owned by Chinese millionaire merchant Chun Afong who build a villa on the three acres of landscaped grounds. It was used by Afong to host parties and received royal guests, dignitaries, diplomats, military officers and others. The property was sold in 1904 to the United States Army Corps of Engineers for $28,000 for the constructions of Battery Randolph and Battery Dudley (no longer extant).</p><br>
<p>Fort DeRussy in Honolulu is one of four Forts DeRussy in the United States. The one in Louisiana, one in Kentucky, and one in Washington, D.C., were all built during the American Civil War. This one was named for General René Edward De Russy (1789–1865). Rene and his brother Lewis were both graduates of the United States Military Academy at West Point. Lewis was the oldest West Point graduate to serve in the Confederate Army, while older brother Rene served on the Union side.</p><br>
<p>Located on Waikiki Beach, very near Oahu&#39;s historic hotels the Royal Hawaiian Hotel and the Moana Hotel, the former Shore Battery Randolph was used as site for servicemen on Rest and Recuperation (R&R) during the Vietnam War. Fort DeRussy was one of a number of shore batterys on the island of Oahu designed to provide coastal defense. Most of the guns on these sites were retired during the early 1950s. The Fourteen inch guns of Shore Battery Randolph were fired once in a practice shortly after the Attack on Pearl Harbor, shattering many of the windows in the Royal Hawaiian and Moana, and were not fired again.</p><br>
<h2>Active facilities</h2><br>
<p>Official military functions include the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, the Fort DeRussy Chapel, and the Hale Koa Hotel, a Morale, Welfare and Recreation facility.</p><br>
<h2>U. S. Army Museum of Hawaii</h2><br>
<p>The USA Army Museum of Hawaii is housed inside Battery Randolph, an old coastal artillery battery. Battery Randolph was constructed in 1911 to defend Honolulu Harbor on Oahu from attack, and was equipped with two 14-inch guns on disappearing carriages with a range of about 40,000 yard.</p><br>
<p>It was named for Maj Benjamin H. Randolph (died 1907).</p><br>
<p>The museum&#39;s collection contains some World War II armor pieces, an AH-1 Cobra helicopter, and small arms indoors, as well as the battery itself. The exhibits cover the history of US Army warfare in the Pacific hemisphere and admission is free.</p><br>
<p>It is located on Kalia Road, coordinates 21&deg;16&prime;44&Prime;N latitude, 157&deg;50&prime;1&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>Another installation of two 6-inch guns was called Battery Dudley, named for Gen. Edgar S. Dudley (died 1911). The "Artillery District of Honolulu" (state historic site 80-13-1382) was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Oahu on June 5, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Army museums</h2><br>
<p>Merrybrook is the only known remaining home of American Civil War Confederate spy Laura Ratcliffe. The house is located south of Herndon, Virginia, in Fairfax County. She lived here from the earliest days of the Civil War until her death in 1923. The interior, out-buildings and grounds still retain the atmosphere of earlier times.</p><br>
<p>In early March 2007, the Virginia Department of Historic Resources approved the current owner&#39;s application and placed Merrybrook on the Virginia Landmarks Register. The application to put Merrybrook on the National Historic Register is currently awaiting approval from the National Park Service. However, urban encroachment continues, the recent widening of Centreville Road was a near miss for Merrybrook which still survives behind the trees.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As the great granddaughter of Richard Ratcliffe, the founder of Providence now called Fairfax City, Laura was born there May 28, 1836. When war came she immediately sought to support her family and neighbors. While caring for the wounded she was noticed by Col J. E. B. Stuart for whom she became a valuable spy. There was a large rock near her home where she would conceal money and messages for Col. Mosby. Stuart wrote admiring poems dedicated to her and finally asked her to marry him. Laura, true to her own strong moral convictions, declined. This was near the location of present-day Frying Pan Farm Park.</p><br>
<p>Laura was admired locally for her bravery and her beauty and was acknowledged by Col. Stuart in many ways. He presented her with a gold-embossed brown leather album with the following inscription on the front page: "Presented to Miss Laura Ratcliffe by her soldier-friend as a token of his high appreciation of her patriotism, admiration of her virtues, and pledge of his lasting esteem." The album was signed not only by Stuart but also by many other soldiers who fought with him including Mosby and Brigadier General Fitzhugh Lee. Many of her local friends had also signed the book. She quietly kept this memoir, as well as Stuart&#39;s gold watch chain, among her possessions at Merrybrook. These items were discovered in her effects after her death.</p><br>
<p>Col. John Mosby, the famous Confederate Ranger harassed Union Army positions throughout this area. Incredibly daring, he rode into Fairfax City one night and snatched Union Brigadier General Edwin Stoughton out of his bed behind Union lines and made off with him.</p><br>
<p>February 7, 1863 - Col. Mosby was planning to raid the Union picket lines in Fairfax when he had word of a band of robbers nearby. These men had been stripping citizens homes of valuables, stealing horses and even taking the local doctors medical saddlebags after encountering him on the road. Mosby captured them and sent them to Richmond and returned the stolen property. He proceeded on the next day toward Union picket-post near Frying Pan Church.</p><br>
<p>That night a Union officer, Lt. Palmer of the First Virginia came to Lauras house to ask for some milk. He bragged to Laura that an ambush had been set for Mosby saying, "I know you would give Mosby any information in your possession; but, as you have no horses and the mud is too deep for women folks to walk, you cant tell him; so the next you hear of your pet he will be either dead or our prisoner."</p><br>
<p>He underestimated her. Laura went out on foot across the fields to reach the home of George Coleman to ask him to watch Mosby. As luck would have it, her path crossed Mosby&#39;s and she was able to warn him herself, thus saving him from capture. He acknowledged his great debt to her in his memoirs.</p><br>
<p>Ratcliffes assistance to Mosby, besides saving his life, included providing timely information on Union troop movements, hiding both men and money for him, and occasionally acting as "banker" for the Rangers. Till the end of the War, Laura worked in close cooperation with Mosby. He often used her home as his headquarters, and would meet his men at a large rock outcropping nearby, which was later known as "Mosbys Rock". This was also apparently where Laura successfully hid several thousand dollars entrusted to her after the Rangers had liberated it from a Union train.</p><br>
<p>The Virginia Department of Historic Resources approved a historical highway marker for Mosby&#39;s Rock in 2000 denoting its significance.</p><br>
<p>Moores Knob is the highest mountain in the Sauratown Mountains of Stokes County, North Carolina. The Sauratown Mountains are an isolated remnant of the much larger Blue Ridge Mountains far to the west and north. A rugged, deeply eroded range, the Sauras feature dramatic rock cliffs which can be seen for miles. Moores Knob has an elevation of 2,579 feet  above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Moores Knob sharply rises more than 1,700 feet (520 m) above the surrounding countryside, and it dominates the scenery of Stokes County from almost every direction. The mountains north side contains Moores Wall, a huge rock cliff over 400 feet (120 m) in height; the cliff is a favorite destination of rock climbers. The top of the mountain contains an abandoned fire lookout tower; hikers who climb the tower are rewarded with sweeping views of the surrounding countryside and Sauratown mountain range. On a clear day it is possible to see the skyscrapers of Winston-Salem, North Carolina to the south, the uniquely shaped Pilot Mountain some 12 miles (20 km) to the west, and the lofty front ridges of the Blue Ridge Mountains far to the west and north. Moores Knob is contained within Hanging Rock State Park, and the park maintains a number of hiking and climbing trails on the mountain.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Church of the Covenant is a historic church at 67 Newbury Street in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. A National Historic Landmark, it was built in 1865-1867 by the Central Congregational Church, and is now affiliated with the Presbyterian Church  and the United Church of Christ. The church was designed by Richard M. Upjohn, and its distinctive interior is largely the work of Tiffany & Co.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built of Roxbury puddingstone in Gothic Revival style it was one of the first churches to relocate in the new Back Bay and was built largely with funds donated by Benjamin Bates, an industrialist who founded Bates College. Designed by Richard M. Upjohn, the son and partner of Richard Upjohn, who insisted on "a high gothic edifice... which no ordinary dwelling house would overtop." It has a 240 ft high steeple, that overtops the Bunker Hill Monument. Oliver Wendell Holmes said: "We have one steeple in Boston that to my eyes seems absolutely perfect--that of the Central Church on the corner of Newbury and Berkeley Streets." In the 1890s the sanctuary was redecorated by Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. with stained-glass windows and mosaics and an electric-light chandelier designed by Tiffanys Jacob Adolphus Holzer for the Worlds Columbian Exhibition, Chicago, 1893.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the Covenant is located at 67 Newbury Street. It was known as the "Central Church" until 1932 when the Central Congregational Church merged with the First Presbyterian Church of Boston creating the Church of the Covenant, which is now affiliated with both the Presbyterian Church (USA) and the United Church of Christ.</p><br>
<p>In October 2012 the church building was designated a National Historic Landmark (as "Central Congregational Church") in recognition of its unique interior decorations.</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of interior views</h2><br>
<p>Ceiling - Church of the Covenant (Boston) - DSC08263.JPGCeiling detail</p><br>
<p>Tiles - Church of the Covenant (Boston) - DSC08247.JPGTile detail</p><br>
<p>Stencilling - Church of the Covenant (Boston) - DSC08252.JPGStencilwork</p><br>
<p>Smithville Lake is a 7,190 acre reservoir on the Little Platte branch of the Platte River in Clay County, Missouri near Smithville. It provides the water supply for Smithville, Missouri and Plattsburg, Missouri. Kansas City, Missouri has reserved a portion for its water supply.</p><br>
<p>The lake was built and is administered by the Kansas City office of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (which includes all of Missouri and Kansas, as well as small portions of Nebraska and Iowa) primarily for flood control. The lake is 10th largest of Corps lakes in the district, but third in terms of shoreline. It has 5,000 acre of public land and 175 mi of shoreline.</p><br>
<p>Smithville Dam was authorized in 1965. Construction began in 1972 with the dam being completed in 1977. Impoundment began in 1979. The dam is 4000 feet long at its crest, 105 feet high, of earthen construction, contains a maximum capacity of 246,500 acre-feet, and is owned and operated by the Corps of Engineers.</p><br>
<p>The Jerry L. Litton Visitor Center by the dam tells the history of the area, as well as has memorabilia about the Congressman who died in a plane crash on election night after winning the Democratic nomination for USA Senate in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Vernon Hotel Museum & Garden, formerly the Abigail Adams Smith Museum, is a historic antebellum residential building at 421 East 61st Street, near the East River, in New York City. It is open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Courtesy of the Mount Vernon Hotel Museum & Garden Collection 2013</p><br>
<p>One of only eight surviving pre-1800 buildings in Manhattan, the hotel was originally built as a carriage house and stable in 1799 for a nearby estate. Owner Joseph Coleman Hart converted it into a hotel in 1826.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Vernon Hotel operated in a city experiencing huge commercial growth after the opening of the Erie Canal. Its location offered guests a respite from the dirt, noise, and bustle of city life. In the 1830s, the commercial shipping and business districts of New York City lay below City Hall, while private residences extended as far north as modern-day Chelsea, and it was common for upper- and middle-class residents and visitors to take day trips to the then-rural setting that is now midtown Manhattan. One of over 50 day hotels in or near New York City, the Mount Vernon attracted middle-class guests with leisure activities like boating trips, unusual exhibitions, reading, and making new friends. In a city without public parks or public libraries, these day hotels offered “gentlemen and their families” and other guests new ways to have fun. They could escape the explosive growth of New York City&#39;s population and the ensuing urbanization (the population of New York City, 123,706 in 1820, had grown to 202,589 by 1830) and spend a quiet day near the river and be home downtown by sunset.</p><br>
<p>Frances Trollope and James Stuart, a Scottish diarist, are two foreign travelers who visited New York City during the time when the Mount Vernon Hotel operated under J.C. Hart. Stuart recorded his 1829 stay at the Mount Vernon Hotel in his Three Years in North America (1833):</p><br>
<p>The Mount Vernon Hotel operated until 1833 and later became a private residence. The Colonial Dames of America purchased the site in 1924 and in 1939 opened it to the public as the Abigail Adams Smith Museum. (Abigail Adams Smith and her husband William had owned the property briefly in 1795 but did not live on site.) The planting plan for the Abigail Adams Smith Museum was by New York landscape designer Alice Recknagel Ireys.</p><br>
<h2>Current management</h2><br>
<p>The museum is currently owned and operated by the Colonial Dames of America.</p><br>
<h3>Public programs</h3><br>
<p>The museum tells the story of New York City’s tremendous period of growth following the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, one year before the Mount Vernon Hotel opened. Tours, public programs and other educational programs are offered. The museum is open to the public 11 am to 4 pm Tuesday through Sunday for interpreter-led tours of the period rooms and garden. The museum provides school field trips and hosts an average of 35 programs throughout the year, including monthly Lunchtime Lectures, Children&#39;s Storytime, summer concerts, and History Weeks for school-aged children. Annual events include the George Washington’s Birthday Ball, Halloween Murder Mystery, and Candlelight Holiday Tours.</p><br>
<h3>Ongoing research</h3><br>
<p>Each summer, Hearst Fellows conduct original research on aspects of New York history and daily life, including trade, travel, leisure, education, urban development, popular music, and gender and race relationships of the 1820s-30s.</p><br>
<p>There is another Big Sandy Lake, crossed by USA Highway 80 in Big Sandy, Texas.</p><br>
<p>Big Sandy Lake is a lake in Aitkin County, Minnesota, approximately nine miles north of McGregor. The lake is considered fertile walleye ground with several habitat types, including the open main basin, the deep, cold eastern basin, and a shallow, more isolated south basin. Shallow bays containing dense beds of wild rice are found on south, west, and northwest sides of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Public access is provided by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources at two locations, the first on the Sandy River north of the "Pier 65" bridge, and the second on the northeast side of the lake. Additional points of access are maintained by the Corps of Engineers and by various municipalities.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Big Sandy Lake is a reservoir and was created in 1859 when the United States Army Corps of Engineers built a dam on the Sandy River. When the dam was built it included a lock to allow boats to travel out to the Mississippi River. The lock has since been shut down and the lock house has been turned into a small museum containing local artifacts. Big Sandy Lake has three major tributaries Sandy River, Prairie River, and Aitkin Lake Creek. Sandy River enters the lake from the south and empties back into itself after the Big Sandy Dam, on the northwest corner. Priaire River enters the lake from the east into Bill Horn Bay. Aitkin Creek enters the lake from the northwest, near the Big Sandy dam.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>Big Sandy Lake was inhabited by the Dakota Sioux until they were removed by the Ojibwa. In the Ojibwa language, the lake is known as Mitaawangaagamaa, meaning "Lake with flat, sandy beaches." The lake is home to the Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa who are now part of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, but have been working on regaining their independent recognition restored by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The Minnesota DNR also owns one island in Bill Horn Bay that they preserve. In the 1800s this was the island where the Sioux women and children hid from the attacking Ojibwa.</p><br>
<p>In 1798, North West Company maintained a post on the western side of the lake; in 1830, American Fur Company established a post at the confluence of the Sandy River with the Mississippi River, a short distance west of the lake. Originally located on the north shore of Big Sandy Lake, the village of Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag was the western terminus of the Northwest Trail that connected the Mississippi River with the Saint Louis River; Savanna Portage State Park that commemorates this historic trail is located on the northeastern shore.</p><br>
<p>In 1850, the United States attempted to remove the Ojibwa population out of Michigan and Wisconsin to areas west of the Mississippi River, resulting in the Sandy Lake tragedy. A memorial commemorating the Sandy Lake tragedy was established at the United States Army Corps of Engineers Sandy Lake Dam Campgrounds. Along Minnesota State Highway 65, a rest area with a view of Sandy Lake was established, enhanced with a Historical Marker plaque to further commemorate the Sandy Lake tragedy.</p><br>
<p>Churchville School, also known as Fischer School, is a former school building located in unincorporated Bensenville, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally part of a schoolhouse for the original settlers of Addison Township, the first known date of use was 1846. Designated into Illinois School District #3, the land that the school was built on was donated by August Fisher. Classes were routinely held in the building until 1931. An Evangelical Lutheran church and a school for German-speaking children were also built on the grounds, but both were destroyed in a 1924 fire.</p><br>
<p>The building continued to see usage as a meeting place for organizations such as the Boy Scouts of America, and served as a polling station. In order to continue to qualify as a member of District #3, classes were held once annually until 1950, when the ownership of the school reverted to the Fisher family. Renovations occurred over a two year span starting in 1967, and a local historic society began giving occasional tours of the school. Later, Elmhurst School District #205 began to maintain the building and offered regular tours. In 1999, it was added to the list of the National Register of Historic Places. The ownership of the school was given to the town of Elmhurst in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Churchville School is on the west side of Church Road north of Grand Avenue. It is a rectangular Greek Revival building. The front-gabled roof (facing east) is covered with cedar shingles and features a small brick chimney on the west end. The east end has a square belfry tower with a bell-shaped roof. Wood brackets decorate the soffit of the towers eaves. The belfry was probably added to the building at a later date, probably in the 1850s or 1860s. The vestibule at the front of the building was also probably added at that time. The belfry roof is covered with asphalt shingles. The bell is no longer hanging; it is instead on display at the foot of the belfry. The foundation of the building is limestone, set in irregular courses. The siding of the building is wooden clapboard. A two-step wooden landing leads to the main entrance to the vestibule. A three-panel window decorates the area above the door. The door is a modern six-panel wood door. A simple cornice adorns the soffits on the north and south eaves. Simple pilasters are found at the main buildings corners. A diamond-shaped window is above the vestibule on the main building. The northern and southern elevations have four one-over-one windows with decorative wood cornices and sills. The windows are decorated to appear like twelve-over-twelve windows, a feature that was probably added during renovations in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>Lai da Sontga Maria  is a lake, located north of the Lukmanier Pass in Switzerland. It lies almost entirely in the municipality of Medel , a tiny fraction of the south-west part of the lake belonging to the municipalities of Quinto and Blenio . The reservoir has a surface area is 1.77 km&sup2;. The arch dam Santa Maria was completed in 1968. The main road of the Lukmanier Pass runs along the eastern shore of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake lies at a height of 1,908 metres above sea level and is surrounded by mountains over 3,000 metres on both sides. The highest peak overlooking Lai da Sontga Maria is the Scopi (3,190 m), on the east side. On the west side are Piz Gannaretsch (3,040 m) and Piz Rondadura (3,016 m). On the south side (in Ticino), the lake is overlooked by Pizzo dell&#39;Uomo (2,663 m).</p><br>
<p>In the lake, there is an anchor pylon of Lukmanier Powerline.</p><br>
<p>The Pešter plateau  is a karst plateau in southwestern Serbia, in the Raška  region. It lies at the altitude of 1150–1492 m,  at 1492 meters. The territory of the plateau is mostly located in the municipality of Sjenica, with parts belonging to Novi Pazar and Tutin. The name of the region comes from the word pešter, which is an archaic term for cave.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The plateau is actually a large field (Peštersko polje) surrounded by mountains of Jadovnik (1734 m), Zlatar (1627 m), Ozren (1693 m), Giljeva (1617 m), Javor (1519 m), Golija (1833 m), Žilindar (1616 m), Hum (1756 m), Ninaja (1462 m) and Jarut (1428 m). With the area of around 50 km, Pešter field is the largest field in Serbia, and the highest one in the Balkans. Rivers Uvac, Vapa, Jablanica and Grabovica flow through the plateau. In the geologic past, the field was a large lake, of which only a small Sjenica lake near the village of Tuzinje remained.</p><br>
<p>The soil is mostly karst interspersed with pastures. Economy of the area relies primarily on cattle breeding, chiefly sheep. Pešter is famous for its dairy products, especially the "Sjenica cheese" (Sjenički sir), as well as lamb and prosciutto. The plateau is sparsely populated: most settlements are on the edge of the field, and the remainder is settled only during summer months.</p><br>
<p>Pešter is famous for its microclimate, which is particularly harsh in the winter months. The lowest temperature in Serbia since measurements are taken, -39. &deg;C is measured at Karajukića Bunari village on 26 January 2006, beating the previous record of -38.4 &deg;C measured in Sjenica in 1954.</p><br>
<p>In the near geological past, the field used to be a highland lake, which gradually drained through karst ruptures, leaving marshy remnants in the lowest parts, around the flow of sinking river Boroštica. Those areas are home to a wet peatbog habitat unique for karst. On 1 May 2006, Ramsar included the wetland area of 3,455 hectares into its list of wetlands of international importance. Pešter is home to a number of endangered species, such as the plants Fumana bonapartei, Halacsya sendtneri and Orchis tridentata. The only nesting place of Montagu&#39;s harrier in Serbia is in this area.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>There are still some Albanian villages (Boroštica, Doliće and Ugao) in the Pešter region.</p><br>
<p>A Mosque is being constructed in the region.</p><br>
<p>Pester plateau in Serbia - 0855.jpg</p><br>
<p>Pester Plateau in Serbia - 1128.jpg</p><br>
<p>Pester Plateau in Serbia - 9663.CR2.jpg</p><br>
<p>Pester Plateau, Serbia - 0123.CR2.jpg</p><br>
<p>Pester Plateau, Serbia - 0193.CR2.jpg</p><br>
<p>The Djurdjura or Jurjura Range  is a mountain range of the Tell Atlas, part of the Atlas Mountain System. It is located in Kabylie, Algeria.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Djurdjura is a massif made up of two differentiated ranges, one in the north with the Haïzer and Akouker subranges and the other in the south.</p><br>
<p>Its highest point, Lalla Khedidja known in Kabylian as Tamgut Aâlayen, has an elevation of 2,308 m and it is located in the southern range.</p><br>
<p>Other notable summits are the 2,305 m high Ich n&#39;Timedouine (أكارو تيمدواي), a peak located in the central area of the massif, highest point of the Akouker subrange.</p><br>
<p>Adrar n&#39;Hayzer (أدرار نن هيدزر), highest point of the Haïzer subrange, is a 2,164 m tall summit rising above Bouira and the high valley of Oued Dhous.</p><br>
<p>The Thaletat is a 1,638 m high rocky mountain with a very original shape located in Tizi Ouzou Province.</p><br>
<p>Other notable features of the Djurdjura range are the 1,750 m high Tizi nTirourda (تيروردا) mountain pass at the eastern end and the Kweryet (كويرت), a 1500 m high mountain that rises to the north of the massif. This mountain gave its name to an ancient commune, Douar NKweryet, a commune that gathered certain villages of the Ouacifs (At Wasif) and the Ouadhia (Iwadhiyen).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The range had been known to the ancient Romans as Mons Ferratus, the Iron Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Famous mediaeval explorer Ibn Batuta went to Béjaïa through this mountain range. He was heading towards Tunis with a caravan on his Hajj journey and he traveled to Béjaïa from Mitidja, a plain near Algiers.</p><br>
<p>The Zouaves of the French Army were first raised in Algeria in 1831 with one and later two battalions, initially recruited solely from the Zouaoua, a tribe of Berbers finding homes in the mountains of the Jurjura range.</p><br>
<h2>Resorts and protected areas</h2><br>
<p>The Djurdjura National Park is a protected area within the range.</p><br>
<p>This mountain range also has a ski resort (أكابور مركز تيكجدة) at Tikjda with places such as the Point De Vue Du Djurdjura, as well as the Gouffre de l’Akouker. The resort is located at a height of 1,478 m.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Toke Atoll or Taka Atoll  is a small, uninhabited coral atoll in the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands. It is one of the smaller atolls in the Marshalls and located at {{coord|11|17|N|169|37|E|dim:10000_region:MH_type:isle_source:dewiki|display=inline}}. It is visited regularly by the residents of nearby Utirik Atoll.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The atoll is 100 mi north of Majuro Atoll, the capital of the Marshall Islands, and 10 km southwest of Utirik Atoll. It comprises six islands with a combined land area of 0.22 square miles and a lagoon area of 35.96 square miles.</p><br>
<h2>Physical features</h2><br>
<p>The atoll is roughly triangular in shape, its length and width approximately 9 mi. The highest point is 15 ft above sea level. The small land area is the second smallest in the Marshalls, besting only Bikar. Among its islets, only Toke, Eluk, and Lojrong are large enough to support permanent vegetation. The other sand islets have shown considerable shifting in size and location over the years. Ground water sampled from the midsection of Toke islet is brackish, with chloride levels of 440 to 840 ppm (compared to 19400 ppm for sea water) With a moderately shallow lagoon and single, deep, narrow western passage through the reef, Toke and its neighbor Utirik are an intermediate atoll type between the shallow, perched lagoons of Bokak and Bikar, and the deep lagoons and many reef passages of the central Marshall atolls.</p><br>
<p>Based on the results of drilling operations on Enewetak (Eniwetok) Atoll, in the nearby Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands, Toke may include as much as 4,600 ft of reef material atop a basalt rock base. As most local coral growth stops at about 150 ft below the ocean surface, such a massive stony coral base suggests a gradual isostatic subsidence of the underlying extinct volcano, which itself rises 10,000 ft from the surrounding ocean floor. Shallow water fossils taken from just above Enewetak&#39;s basalt base are dated to about 55 mya.</p><br>
<p>Soils are ultimately based on storm-driven ridges of coral rubble, standing 2 to 4 ft high. Away from the shorelines, soils are primarily sandy. A thick layer of humus with a phosphate hardpan lies under the Pisonia forests.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Toke is moderately dry, with annual precipitation in the range of 60 -. Air temperature is usually near 82 &deg;F. The prevailing trade winds are from the northeast. Rainfall in the Marshalls is primarily influenced by the equatorial front, which expands seasonally to 11 degrees north. To the north of that zone, rainfall quickly falls off. A quarter degree further north of Toke, annual rainfall at Enewetak Atoll is 49 in per year.</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>Facing the lagoon shore, about a quarter of Toke islet is planted in coconuts with a thick ground cover of Microsorum scolopendria. There is a small grove of Pisonia grandis, while the rest of the islet is covered with brushy woods of Heliotropium foertherianum, Portulaca oleracea, and Pandanus tectorius, fringed by Lepturus repens grasses, Laportea ruderalis shrubs, Boerhavia diffusa, B. tetrandra and other typical Marshallese species. There is also a tiny grove of Pisonia on Lojiron.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Toke supports a healthy coral reef, with over 93 coral types identified. Evidence of green sea turtle nesting has been found on the three largest islets, and hawksbill sea turtles have been seen along the outer reef. The lagoon is home to the rare giant clam Tridacna gigas, as well as smaller giant clam varieties. The number of specimens is lower than that seen at Bokak and Bikar, perhaps because of poaching by foreign fishermen.</p><br>
<p>Nineteen bird species are presently known on Toke Atoll. These include the reef heron, the migratory pectoral sandpiper and accidental examples of the spotted sandpiper and skua, for which Toke is their only sighting in Marshall Islands. Others include the resident crested tern, sooty tern, brown noddy, black noddy, white tern, black-naped tern, and the migrant wedge-tailed shearwater, red-tailed tropicbird, red-footed booby, brown booby, great frigatebird, golden plover, bristle-thighed curlew, wandering tattler, and ruddy turnstone.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Prehistory</h3><br>
<p>Although humans migrated to the Marshall Islands about 2000 years ago, there appear to be no traditional Marshallese artifacts present that would indicate any long-term settlement. The lack of potable water and tiny lot of arable land compared to nearby Utirik has discouraged settlement. The atoll is traditionally occupied for brief periods for seasonal harvesting of copra, fish, turtles, coconut crabs, and other resources. Along with the other uninhabited northern Ratak atolls of Bikar and Bokak, Toke was traditionally the hereditary property of the Ratak atoll chain Iroji Lablab. The exploitation of resources was regulated by custom, and overseen by the Iroji.</p><br>
<h3>16th century</h3><br>
<p>The first sighting recorded by Europeans of Toke Atoll was by the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Saavedra on 29 December 1527 commanding the carrack Florida, and sailing from Zihuatanejo in New Spain. Together with Utirik, Rongelap and Ailinginae atolls they were charted as Islas de los Reyes (Islands of the Three Wise Kings in Spanish) due to the proximity of Epiphany.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>A number of Western ships recorded landfall on or passage by Toke during the 1800s, but no attempt at settlement or establishment of food animals was noted, likely due to the convenience of the settlement on nearby Utirik.</p><br>
<p>The Russian brig Rurik, Captain Otto von Kotzebue, visited in the summer, 1817 during a search for a north passage between western Russia and its North American territories.</p><br>
<h3>20th century to present</h3><br>
<p>The Marshall Islands were added to the protectorate of German New Guinea in 1906. Using the justification that uninhabited atolls were unclaimed, the Germans seized Toke as government property, despite the protests of the Iroji.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, and transferred German government properties to their own, including Toke. Like the Germans before them, the Japanese colonial administration (the South Pacific Mandate) did not attempt to exploit the atoll, and the Northern Radak Marshallese continued to hunt and fish unmolested. Following the end of World War II, it came under the control of the United States as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands</p><br>
<p>While en route from the US to Asia in April 1953, LST 1138, later commissioned as , dropped anchor at Toke to search for rumored Japanese WWII-era stragglers. The landing party found no signs of any current occupants.</p><br>
<p>A 1981 study of fish and invertebrates within the lagoon found that the level of radio-nucleotides in muscle tissue was within the range found in fish products imported to the US and Japanese markets. The worldwide source of seafood-borne radio-nucleotides is a result of atmospheric nuclear testing since 1945, and therefore any residual activity from the 1950s Castle series of tests contributes only a small fraction of the contamination within the lagoon&#39;s sea life.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>The river Simme is a tributary of the river Kander in the Bernese Oberland in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is approximately 60 km long and has a catchment area of 594 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The river Simme begins at the Alpine lake of Flueseeli (lit.: "Little Lake of the Flue") (2,045 m) on the secluded Alpine meadow just above the Flueschafberg cliffs. But right afterwords, one level and 600 m lower, below the Flueschafberg cliffs, on the Alpine meadow called Rezliberg, it converges with several creeks which have even higher springs, such as the Truebbach, the Rezligletscherbach, and the Ammertenbach. This area is located west of the mountain range Wildstrubel, and to the north of and below the Glacier de la Plaine Morte (2,700 m), and about 7 km south of the resort of Lenk. Underneath the Rezliberg it forms the Simmenfälle, several waterfalls, which have, altogether, a drop of 200 m.</p><br>
<p>The river then flows roughly to the north and passes Lenk and flows towards Zweisimmen through the Obersimmental (Upper Simme Valley), where it converges with the Kleine Simme from the west, which origines in the mountains above Saanenmöser. Saanenmöser is also a small pass towards Saanen and Gstaad.</p><br>
<p>From Zweisimmen the Simme flows further north until Riedenbach where it smoothly turns east and runs now through the Niedersimmental (Lower Simme Valley). In Oey it converges with the Chirel of the Diemtigtal from the south.</p><br>
<p>After the village of Wimmis and southwest of Spiez, the Simme turns north again and joins the river Kander, which reaches the Lake Thun after 3 km).</p><br>
<p>The Miles Brewton House is a National Historic Landmark residential complex located at 27 King Street in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. It is one of the finest examples of a double house  in Charleston, designed on principles articulated by Andrea Palladio. Its extensive collection of dependencies makes it one of the most complete Georgian townhouse complexes in America. The house was built ca. 1769 for Miles Brewton. The house became the British headquarters for Clinton during the American Revolutionary War. The Brewton House was the headquarters of BG Alexander Schimmelfennig during the federal occupation of Charleston at the end of the American Civil War. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The architect Ezra Waite started construction of this "double house" in 1765 for Miles Brewton and completed in 1769. Miles Brewton and family perished at sea in 1775 on their way to Philadelphia. The house was inherited by his sisters Mrs. Charles Pinckney and Rebecca Brewton Motte. Mrs. Rebecca Motte occupied the house when Clinton used it for his headquarters during the War of Independence. His profile is scratched on a marble mantelpiece. One of Mrs. Mottes daughters married Capt. William Alston of Marions Brigade, who bought the house for his town residence, while away from his plantation on the Waccamaw River. Their daughter, Mrs. William Bull Pringle, then inherited the house. Since then, the house has been referred to as the Pringle House on King Street. The house became Union headquarters in 1865 during the occupation of Charleston in the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The Miles Brewton House is set on the west side of King Street near the southern tip of the Charleston peninsula. The 2 acre property is ringed by walls topped with iron fencing; the wall is lower at the front, with an iron gate leading into a courtyard area flanked on the sides (north and south) by brick walls, and on the west by the main house. The house is a two-story brick structure, set on a high stone basement, with marble steps flanking a projecting Classical two-story porch on either side. The porch is supported by columns (Doric on the first floor, Ionic on the second), and is topped by a fully pedimented and dentillated gable. The interior is richly finished in wood, plaster, and marble.</p><br>
<p>On the north side of the house is what is referred to locally as a "plantation lane", along which the property&#39;s outbuildings are located. These include period slave quarters, a kitchen, and a pavilion, all joined by an arcade. The garden space directly behind the house retains its basic 18th-century layout.</p><br>
<p>The large, neoclassical Simmons-Edwards House is a Charleston single house built for Francis Simmons, a Johns Island planter, about 1800. The house, located at 14 Legare St., Charleston, South Carolina, is famous for its large brick gates with decorative wrought iron. The gates, which were installed by George Edwards  and which bear his initials, include finials that were carved to resemble Italian pinecones. They are frequently referred to as pineapples by locals, and the house is known popularly as the Pineapple Gates House.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The house was occupied by James Adger Smyth, a mayor of Charleston from 1879 until he died on April 25, 1920. In 1951, Dr. L.S. Fuller and Mrs. Josephine Wilson sold the house to Standard Oil executive Mr. and Mrs. Bushrod B. Howard for $50,000. The Howards sold the house for $100,000 (the highest price paid for a house in Charleston at that time) to Nancy Stevenson, the lieutenant governor of South Carolina during the Riley admininstation and wife of Norman Stevenson.</p><br>
<p>In April 1987, Thomas R. Bennett, a Charleston real estate agent, bought the house for $800,000. In May 1989, Bennett sold the house for $2 million to William and Cynthia Gilliam (again the highest price paid for a Charleston house at the time), and the Gilliams sold the house to Andrew Crispo for $2,050,000 in September 1990.</p><br>
<p>In April 1997, an executive with Goldman Sachs, John L. Thornton, purchased the house following a court-ordered auction to help satisfy the debts of its owner, art dealer Andrew Crispo. The $3.1 million high bid was the highest price paid for a house in Charleston at the time. The Thorntons are responsible for an extensive, heavily researched restoration of the gardens.</p><br>
<p>According to the South Carolina Department of Archives and History, "In 1816, George Edwards purchased the property and enlarged the premises, creating a garden which was separated from the house yard by a notable fence of wrought iron which had unusual stuccoed columns topped with sandstone balls."</p><br>
<p>Vysoká is the second-highest mountain in the Little Carpathians mountains, part of the Carpathians mountain range, located above the village Kuchyňa in Slovakia. The mountain is part of Nature Reserve Vysoká protected area. The 754 m AMSL high peak offers views of the surrounding Little Carpathians&#39; relief, Tribeč mountains, Považský Inovec and Podunajská pahorkatina. On a fine day, it offers views of extended parts of landscape with even the Austrian Alps being clearly visible.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The mountain offers numerous gorges, streams, meadows and rocky faces. The surrounding woods feature several small caves. In the past, limestone was mined underneath the mountain and transported to a nearby factory. The woods are rich in fauna, notably the mouflon.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is located within the Vysoká nature reserve (Prírodná rezervácia Vysoká) a protected area with the highest, fifth degree of protection. The nature reserve was established in 1988 with the area of 80,53 ha within the administrative areas of the villages Kuchyňa and Rohožník. The nature reserve is part of the Little Carpathians Protected Landscape Area.</p><br>
<h2>Approach</h2><br>
<p>Usual points of departure for a one-day trip are Zochova chata and Kuchyňa. There are many popular tourism locations nearby (observation tower Veľká homoľa, Červený Kameň Castle, Štúr&#39;s way and others).</p><br>
<p>The Murray Vocational School is located at 3 Chisolm Street, Charleston, South Carolina. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The school was built by the City of Charleston and opened in 1923 as the Murray Vocational School, named in honor of philanthropist Andrew Buist Murray. Murray, who had grown up in a Charleston orphanage, financed the construction of the school as his way of repaying the city. David Hyer, a former civil engineer at the Charleston Naval yard, designed the three-story, masonry and steel main building in the Neoclassical Revival style. The buildings masonry facade, engaged portico, and fanlighted doorway are all characteristic of the style. The original two-story brick custodians cottage and a circa 1950 three-story gymnasium complete the facility.</p><br>
<p>The school closed in 1970 and the property was used by the Charleston County School District as its offices. The building was abandoned by the school district when it completed new headquarters at 75 Calhoun St.</p><br>
<p>The three buildings were restored and converted into a 27-unit condominium project in the early 2000s. The adaptive reuse was accomplished with only minimal exterior changes. The restoration of the building received a Carolopolis Award from the Preservation Society of Charleston in January 2003.</p><br>
<p>The City Market, or Centre Market, is a historic market complex in downtown Charleston, South Carolina. Established in the 1790s, the market stretches for four city blocks from the architecturally-significant Market Hall, which faces Meeting Street, through a continuous series of one-story market sheds, the last of which terminates at East Bay Street. The Market Hall has been described as a building of the "highest architectural design quality."</p><br>
<p>Initially known as the Centre Market, Charlestons City Market was developed as a replacement for the citys Beef Market building (on the site of Charlestons City Hall, 100 Broad Street), which burned in 1796. Market Hall, designed by Charleston architect Edward B. White, was added in the early 1840s. Throughout the 19th century, the market provided a convenient place for area farms and plantations to sell beef and produce, and also acted as a place for locals to gather and socialize. Today, the City Markets vendors sell souvenirs and other items ranging from jewelry to Gullah sweetgrass baskets. Since 1899, the City Market has housed Charleston&#39;s Confederate Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Market Hall is a Greek Revival-style building consisting of one raised story resting atop a rusticated open ground-level arcade. The building&#39;s high base and frontal portico were inspired by Greek and Roman temples such as the Temple of Portunus and Temple of Athena Nike.</p><br>
<p>The City Market stretches for 1,240 ft through a continuous series of sheds oriented east-to-west, and flanked by North Market Street on the north side and South Market Street on the south. Market stalls occupy the first story of Market Hall, and continue through a one-story shed that stretches from the rear of the hall to Church Street. The second shed stretches from Church to Anson Street, the third from Anson to State Street, and the fourth from State Street to East Bay. The sheds are simple rectangular structures with open stalls and center walkways. Since their completion in the early 19th century, the sheds have been renovated and rebuilt numerous times due to damage from earthquakes, fire, and other disasters.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charlestons first public market was established in 1692 at the corner of Broad and Meeting streets, although a formal brick building wasnt built at the site until 1739. This first "Beef Market" was replaced by a more appealing structure in 1760, and within a short period, new markets for fish and general merchandise were established along Vendue (Queen) and Tradd streets. In 1788, the family of Revolutionary War general Charles Cotesworth Pinckney donated a strip of recovered marshland for the establishment of the "Centre Market," which would stretch from the docks of Charleston Harbor all the way to Meeting Street.</p><br>
<p>The first market sheds were erected around 1790, and gradually expanded to occupy most of the strip from the harbor to Meeting Street by 1806.</p><br>
<p>In 1838, a fire destroyed the market&#39;s head-house, and the city enlisted local architect Edward B. White (1806&ndash;1882) to design the current head-house, Market Hall, which was completed in 1841. The upper room of the hall initially served as a large assembly room, and later as a military recruiting office at the outbreak of the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, the United Daughters of the Confederacy Chapter 4 began using Market Hall to house the Confederate Museum, which displayed Confederate artifacts and other items from the city&#39;s Civil War period. The museum closed in 1989 after Market Hall suffered substantial damage during Hurricane Hugo (including the partial removal of its roof), and was later reopened after having been temporarily housed in a Charleston kindergarten.</p><br>
<p>By the early days of the twentieth century, the number of food merchants using the Market had dropped dramatically. In January 1901, the Charleston City Council took up the matter, and a report was endorsed to replace the market sheds between East Bay (to the east) and Anson Street (to the west) with a small park to reinvigorate the area. While proponents of this action argued it would save taxpayer money on upkeep of the aging structures, a special committee of City Council reversed course following criticism from historical preservationists. The same matter cropped up again at a City Council meeting on November 8, 1904, when a motion was adopted calling for the demolition of the market sheds between East Bay and Anson to be replaced with grounds laid out in "an ornamental fashion." The debate about the future of the structures remained alive through mid-1905 when City Council considered letters in support of saving the buildings as unique examples of their architecture in America. Preservationists suggested preserving the buildings as a covered walkway, or converting the final building (from East Bay to State Street) into a public bath house. Business leaders, on the other hand, suggested the city demolish the Market and replace it with a freight station in a petition submitted to City Council in August 1905. Finally, on September 12, 1905, the special committee investigating the options submitted a report to City Council which called for whitewashing the walls of the eastern sheds, removing the woodwork inside, and converting the sheds into a covered walkway until another use might be developed. The work on the eastern buildings began in December 1906, and the remaining buildings were reorganized to collect meat vendors together along the northern side with fruit and vegetable vendors along the south.</p><br>
<p>On the morning of 29 September 1938, a series of tornadoes swept through Charleston, killing 32, injuring 100, and destroying $2 million in property. One tornado extensively damaged the City Market.</p><br>
<p>On July 30, 1954, a plane spotting tower (complete with telephone) was opened atop one of the Market sheds for use by the Charleston Ground Observers Corps.</p><br>
<p>Following Hurricane Hugo in 1989, the building was restored by the City of Charleston and received a Carolopolis Award from the Preservation Society in January 2003. The building was repainted in its original colors, which included strong ochre coloring and bright green ironwork, much to the displeasure of many locals, including the mayor of Charleston. A less colorful color scheme had been in place since 1906 when the main hall was painted "French gray and white with the door and railings a bronze green."</p><br>
<p>Vourinos  is a mountain range covering the eastern Grevena and southern Kozani regional units in Greece. Its highest elevation is 1,866 m. Its length is approximately 30 km from northwest to southeast. It is drained by the river Aliakmonas and its tributaries. There are forests on the northern slopes and the lower areas, the higher elevations are covered with grasslands. The nearest mountain ranges are Askio to the north and Kamvounia to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>The nearest villages are Chromio to the east, Palaiokastro to the northwest and Pontini to the southwest. The nearest larger towns are Grevena to the west and Kozani to the northeast. The Egnatia Odos motorway (Igoumenitsa - Ioannina - Kozani - Thessaloniki - Alexandroupoli) and the Greek National Road 20 (Kozani - Konitsa - Ioannina) pass along its northern edge.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is known for being one of the two revolutionary outbreaks of the Macedonian Revolution of 1878, demanding the union of Macedonia (then still under the control of the Ottoman Empire) with Greece.</p><br>
<p>Askio  is a mountain range in the northwestern part of the Kozani and the eastern part of the Kastoria regional units in northern Greece. The elevation of its highest peak, Siniatsiko, is 2,111 m. There are forests in the northern part. It stretches from the village Kleisoura in the northwest to Xirolimni in the southeast, over a length of about 30 km. The nearest mountains are the Verno to the northwest, the Vourinos to the south and the Vermio to the northeast. It is drained by tributaries of the Aliakmonas to the west and south, and towards the Lake Vegoritida to the northeast.</p><br>
<p>The nearest towns are Siatista to the south, Ptolemaida to the northeast and Kozani to the southeast. Mountain villages in the Askio mountains include Vlasti in the central part, Eratyra and Skiti in the south and Milochori, Anarrachi, Variko and Kleisoura in the north. The Egnatia Odos motorway (Igoumenitsa - Ioannina - Kozani - Thessaloniki) runs south of the mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Barbizon Hotel for Women, later known as Barbizon 63, was symbolic of the cultural change as women began to come to New York City for professional opportunities, but still wanted a "safe retreat" that felt like the family home. It is located at 140 East 63rd Street, on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1927 incorporating a blend of Italian Renaissance, Late Gothic Revival, and Islamic decorative elements. It is a 23-story steel frame building encased in concrete and faced in salmon-colored brick with limestone and terra cotta decorative elements.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>For most of its existence, it operated as a residential hotel for women, with no men allowed above the ground floor, and strict dress and conduct rules were enforced. The hotel became a more standard hotel when it began admitting men as guests in 1981. In 2002, a $40 million renovation was completed and the name was changed to The Melrose Hotel. In 2005 the hotel closed and the building was gutted and rebuilt for condominium use and renamed Barbizon 63.</p><br>
<p>Even after the condo renovation, there were still 14 women living under the old arrangements at the hotel due to rent control in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The building includes a large indoor pool which is today part of an Equinox Fitness club, and air rights to adjacent properties were purchased when the building was constructed.</p><br>
<h2>Famous residents</h2><br>
<h3>Female</h3><br>
<h3>Male</h3><br>
<p>Ricky Gervais</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In the television series Mad Men, the Barbizon is noted as the place of residence of one of Don Draper&#39;s post-divorce love interests, Bethany Van Nuys. Don drops her off at the Barbizon in the 1st and 8th episodes of Season 4.</p><br>
<p>In the 1967 Nick Carter spy novel The Red Guard, Carter books his teenage god-daughter into the Barbizon.</p><br>
<p>In the 2015 Marvel TV Series Agent Carter, Peggy Carter lives in the Griffith, a fictional hotel heavily inspired by the Barbizon. Like the Barbizon, it is located on 63rd Street & Lexington Avenue.</p><br>
<p>In Sylvia Plaths novel, The Bell Jar, the Barbizon is prominently featured under the name "The Amazon". The novels protagonist (and Plaths fictional alter ego), Esther Greenwood, lives there during a summer internship at a fashion magazine. This event is based on Plaths real-life internship at the magazine Mademoiselle in 1953.</p><br>
<p>In a debut novel called "The Dollhouse" written by Fiona Davis, the Barbizon Hotel/Barbizon 63 Condos is featured in a fictitious coming-of-age story that details two generations of young women whose lives intersect.</p><br>
<p>Mount York, a mountain in the western region of the Explorer Range, part of the Blue Mountains Range that is a spur off the Great Dividing Range, is located approximately 150 km west of Sydney, just outside Mount Victoria in New South Wales, Australia. Mount York has an elevation of 1,061 m and is a projection of the Blue Mountains dissected plateau, creating a promontory of the western escarpment with a minor rise at its summit.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Mount York is mainly forested in Eucalypt growth, mostly open canopied. Several small creeks that flow into the Coxs River system run down its side. A twin promontory to its immediate east branching from the southern origin of Mount York promontory is also an extension of the western escarpment. Lockley Promontory and Mount York Promontory both jut northwest from the western escarpment, and begin at Mount Victoria, a small mountain village. Several bushwalking tracks are to be found here, including Berghofers Pass, Lockyers Road and Coxs Road. The tracks branch off from Mount York and descend into the valley below, or in the case of Berghofers, in the direction of Little Hartley, west of Mount Victoria. Atop the summit plateau near the lookouts are two wells used in early days, and remains of early settlement like walls are still visible on the tracks. Birdwatching is good here and many native species like the Yellow Cheeked Black Cockatoo and King Parrot reside here. Many termite mounds can be seen along the road. The mountain is about two to three hundred metres above the Hartley Valley.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mount York was the point where Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Wentworth viewed the Hartley Valley and the west for the first time during their successful crossing of the Blue Mountains in 1813, although some Europeans had already reached the valley before them. However, their first crossing and opening of the west to farming in 1813 is commemorated with several memorials atop the summit, one with their faces set in stone. There are two metal fenced lookouts, a westward facing and northward facing one.</p><br>
<p>Mount York was the site of various attempts to build a pass to the plains west of the Blue Mountains. The first was Coxs Road, constructed in 1813. The next was Lockyers Road, which was begun not long after Coxs Road, but which was never finished. Still another was Lawsons Long Alley, which was a little east of Lockyers Road. These roads were all abandoned eventually, but in recent years they have been developed into multi-use tracks by the Department of Lands in New South Wales and Blue Mts City Council. Also still visible is Berghofers Pass, which was abandoned because of later developments, and which has also been turned into a walking track. John Berghofer, who was responsible for this pass, is interred at Mount Victoria Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Lake Kasumigaura is the second-largest lake in Japan, located 60 km to the north-east of Tōkyō.</p><br>
<p>In a narrower sense and officially, Lake Kasumigaura refers to a waterbody with an area of 167.63 km. In a wider sense, Lake Kasumigaura can also refer to a group of contiguous lakes, which includes Lake Kasumigaura proper, hereby referred to as Nishiura (西浦), and two smaller lakes, Kitaura (北浦; 35.16 km) and Sotonasakaura (外浪逆浦; 5.85 km), and also encompasses the rivers connecting them. In this case the total area is 220 km.</p><br>
<p>About 45% of the land surrounding the lake is natural landscape and 43.5% is agricultural land.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Kasumigaura originally was a brackish-water lagoon, with indirect connections to the Pacific Ocean via the Hitachigawa and Tone Rivers. In 1963, the construction of a gate near the confluence of these rivers disconnected the lake from its sources of ocean water. As a result, the salinity of Lake Kasumigaura declined, and today the lake contains fresh water. This lake was famous for its traditional fishery during the Edo period. But today, fishing production has drastically decreased due to water quality deterioration that was partially caused by the closure of the tide gate in 1963 for purposes of desalination.</p><br>
<h2>Use</h2><br>
<p>Today, Lake Kasumigaura is used for fishing, irrigation, tourism, recreation, and for consumption by the surrounding public and local industry.</p><br>
<p>A variety of fish can be caught from the waters of Lake Kasumigaura, including smelt, Japanese icefish, crucian carp, goby, Japanese eel and river prawn. The most popular catch is cultivated carp, followed by smelt and goby. Another cultivated treasure from Lake Kasumigaura is the beautiful Kasumi freshwater pearls. They were known for their high luster and rosy hues, which is the result of a four-year cultivation period. However, in 2006, cultivation was discontinued as cheap freshwater pearls from China proved too difficult to compete against.</p><br>
<p>The water from Lake Kasumigaura has long been used for the irrigation of paddy fields in the surrounding alluvial plain and upland fields on diluvial terraces covered by thick deposits of volcanic ash. The primary crops are rice and lotus root (a local speciality). Other crops include tomato, cucumber, eggplant, watermelon, corn, edamame, sweet potato, kabocha, daikon and peanut.</p><br>
<p>Many tourists come to the lake in the summer to view the ’’hobikibune’’ (帆引き船) sailed fishing boats which are unique to Lake Kasumigaura. The Suigo aquapark, located in Tsuchiura city, is popular during the hottest months. The windmill of Kasumigaura comprehensive park is a popular site along the shores throughout the year and especially in the spring when the tulips are flowering.</p><br>
<p>The lake is a recreation hotspot. Sport fishing enthusiasts and anglers can be found close to shore and around the river mouths surrounding the lake. Recreational boats, such as yachts, power boats, sail boats and personal watercraft, are regularly enjoyed on warm weekends. The wide surrounding wetlands are wonderful for birdwatching, as large numbers of water fowl can be observed, primarily during the wintering period. Japanese cormorant, Bewick’s swan, little egret, gray heron, mallard, Eurasian wigeon, green heron, sharp-tailed sandpiper, bush warbler, wood sandpiper, Japanese marsh warbler, Japanese reed bunting, and the Eurasian coot are a few of the birds seen around the lake.</p><br>
<p>Lake Kasumigaura provides over 60 tons of water per second; most goes to agriculture (83%). The rest is provided to local industry (13%) and public (4%) in the prefectures of Ibaraki, Chiba and Tōkyō.</p><br>
<h2>Challenges</h2><br>
<p>Eutrophication is a serious problem for Lake Kasumigaura. Legislation was enacted in 1982 to help prevent it, including a ban on the use and sale of phosphate-containing synthetic detergents, and the control of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the effluent from factories.</p><br>
<p>In order to help maintain the lake, dredging work is being carried out around the lake and at the estuaries of main inflowing rivers, such as Sakura River (桜川).</p><br>
<p>Blanchard Hall is a limestone building on the campus of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. It was built in five phases starting in 1853. The first phase was completed in 1858 and the last in 1927.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Blanchard Hall is the main building of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois. Construction of Blanchard Hall began in 1853, and the building was completed in 1927. The building takes its name from Jonathan Blanchard, the founder of the college, and his son Charles A. Blanchard. The elder Blanchard sought to make the building a symbol of the power of Evangelical Protestantism. The building was completed shortly after the younger Blanchard finished his stint as University President.</p><br>
<p>The limestone for the building was quarried form Batavia, Illinois, and the architecture is based on buildings at Oxford University. The Classical Revival is the dominant form of the building, although there are details of Italianate and Romanesque Revival design. The building features a 1,000-pound copper bell with the school&#39;s motto engraved on it.</p><br>
<p>It is currently used by the Humanities and Social Sciences departments, Human Resources, Accounting, and also houses the offices of the President, Provost, and Chief Financial Officer. There have been no major changes since 1927. On November 14, 1979, the building was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was completed in five stages. The first phase was a two-story building that opened in 1858; this section is now in the center, excluding the tower. Its two-story narrow arched windows can still be seen behind the tower. The 80 ft, five-sided tower was added to the middle of the main facade (facing south) in 1871. Two years later, a three-story wing was added to the west. A four-story eastern wing was added in 1890. The building was finally made symmetrical in 1927 with and addition to the east wing. Limestone quoins decorate window bays. The roof is decorated with a stone battlement.</p><br>
<p>Armier Bay , is situated in the locality of Mellieħa, Malta. The Armier Bay consists of two beaches, the biggest beach is known as Armier and the other one as Little Armier. The sea of this bay is a crystal blue, like the sea of Blue Lagoon. This is because it is situated exactly in the opposite direction of Comino, like Ħondoq ir-Rummien in Gozo, and so makes it the most crystal blue sea around the island of Malta.</p><br>
<p>At Armier Bay one finds a good number of boat houses, that are used by the Maltese as summer residences. The residents themselves claim that they take very good care of the environment, but there has been some contention on this issue. For instance, the local Council has notified the owners of caravans to remove them as they are occupying public land. The Malta Government has had a patchy history of enforcing its regulations against private encroachment on public land. A feast is also celebrated in summer in the area known as Ramlet il-Qortin. There are also some kiosks, but the surrounding of the bay is silent, without the noise of traffic, because it is situated in the green area of Mellieħa known as L-Aħrax.</p><br>
